案例指导制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:10

本文选题：判例法　切入点：判例　出处：《西南交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在法治建设的进程中,司法统一一直是个重要的话题,在追求司法统一的过程中,对于“同案不同判”的批判声越来越多。围绕这一现象,学界开始了对判例的关注,因为判例有着遵循先例的原则,这样可以促使类似案件得到类似的处理,这样就能促进司法适用的统一。带着这一期盼,各地变开始了关于“判例”的一系列实践尝试。从郑州、天津等地的司法实践到最高人民法院发布《关于案例指导工作的规定》文件的出台,案例指导制度成为了中国关于借鉴判例的一个选择模式。文章就在在此背景下,展开了对案例指导制度的学习和研究,希望能促进该制度能发挥更好的实效,希望这样的司法改革能真正解决中国法治进程中存在的实际问题。文章分为四大部分,第一部分是案例指导制度基本问题研究。首先厘清案例指导制度的相关概念,区别案例与判例、案例指导制度与判例制度,进而界定案例指导制度的概念和定位,即将案例指导制度定位于规范法律适用活动的一项司法创新制度。紧接着阐述案例指导制度的发展历程,自新中国成立后,从一些典型案例的汇编到关于案例指导工作的探索,都为案例指导制度奠定了坚实的基础,最终形成了以文件出台的《关于案例指导工作的规定》,从此确定了案例指导这一模式。选择这样的模式,是,在于案例指导制度特有的功能和价值,文章紧接着分析了案例指导制度在司法活动中所具有的四点特有的价值,即为疑难案件提供办案思路,拓宽法院系统业务指导方式,规范法官自由裁量权和增强审批说理性。文章第二部分主要介绍案例指导制度的表现形式和其存在的问题。第一节首先简要介绍了案例指导制度的表现形式,即《关于案例指导工作的规定》,并对该《规定》进行了概括介绍和评析。接着该部分第二节重点围绕《规定》分析了在当前案例指导制度存在的三点问题,分别在指导性案例的创制、效力和适用三方面存在着的效力存争议、适用难等问题展开了论述和分析。文章第三部分主要围绕与案例指导制度相关的我国古代“判例”和西方国家的判例制度进行研究,文章从宏观的角度考察了中国古代的法律足迹,找到关于“判例”的一项历史痕迹,从中看出判例在古代对制定法的作用,即辅助补充制定法。定格西方,从无论英美法系还是大陆法系,都能见到判例的痕迹,尤其在以判例法为法律渊源的英美法系国家,更能找到关于判例制度的宝贵资源,在判例运作方面,英美法系的判例法中有着很多可学习的技巧,如区别技术,规避技术等。因此,文章从判例的效力和运用两方面对西方国家的判例制度进行了重点考察和学习。第四部分也是该论文的重点部分,通过对国内外的考察,最终回归到当前的问题,就如何完善案例指导制度,文章提出了笔者的建议。重点围绕指导性案例的创制程序、效力定位和保障、指导性案例的适用条件和程序及案例指导制度的配套保障机制等几方面进行了详实的论述,分别提出了具有针对性的意见,主要是加强指导性案例效力的保障和推广指导性案例的适用技术两方面提出了完善对策。希望案例指导制度能够走得更远,更长。
[Abstract]:In the process of building the rule of law, judicial unity is always an important topic in the pursuit of judicial unity, for "somesentence" criticism. More and more focus on this phenomenon, scholars began to concern the case, because the case has to follow the precedent principle, this can make similar the cases are similar, so it can promote the unification of judicial application. With this expectation, try to change around a series of practice on the "case". From Zhengzhou, Tianjin and other places in the judicial practice to the Supreme People's Court issued "Regulations on case guidance work on the introduction of the document, as the case guidance system the China a selection mode on the reference case. In this background, the guidance system of case study and research, hoping to promote the system can play a better effect, hope this The judicial reform can truly solve the actual problems in the process of the rule of law in China.
The article is divided into four parts, the first part is the basic issue of the case guidance system. Firstly, clarifying the related concepts of case guidance system, difference between the case and the case, the case guidance system and case law system, and then defines the concept and position of case guidance system, the case refers to a judicial system innovation system to guide legal applicable specification then elaborated the development process of the case guidance system, after the founding of new Chinese, from some typical cases to explore the compilation of case guidance work, have laid a solid foundation for the case guidance system, and ultimately the formation of regulations to document issued "work on the case guidance", confirm the guidance from select case. This pattern is unique, is the case guidance system function and value, this paper makes an analysis of the case guidance system in the judicial activities of the It has four unique values, namely, providing a way of handling cases for difficult cases, broadening the way of business guidance of the court system, standardizing the judges' discretion and enhancing the approval and reasoning.
The second part mainly introduces the form of case guidance system and its problems. The first section briefly describes the form of case guidance system, namely "Regulations on case guidance work > and the < Rules > introduces and analyses are summarized. Then the second part focuses on the provisions of < > analysis the three problems existing in the present case guidance system, respectively in the creation of guiding case, the effectiveness and application effect of three aspects of the existence of the controversial, discussed and applied analysis of difficult issues.
The third part mainly focuses on the ancient Chinese "case" associated with the case guidance system and the western legal precedent system of the study of ancient legal footprint China from a macro point of view, find a history about the "case", seen from the cases in ancient times of statute law, i.e. supplementary law frame. From the west, whether common law or civil law, can see traces of the case, especially in the case law as the legal origin of the common law countries, can find valuable resources on the precedent system, in the case of operation, there are many learning skills in the Anglo American case law, such as difference technology, avoid technology. Therefore, the focus of study and learn from the validity of the case and the use of two aspects of the western system of jurisprudence.
The fourth part is the focus of this thesis, through the study of domestic and foreign, eventually return to the current problem, how to improve the case guidance system, this paper puts forward the suggestions. Focus on the process of guiding case, the effectiveness of positioning and security aspects, applicable conditions and procedures and case guidance system guiding case the supporting mechanism has carried on the detailed elaboration, respectively put forward pertinent suggestions, mainly two aspects of application technology to enhance the effectiveness of guidance cases protection and promotion of the guiding case and puts forward some countermeasures for perfecting the case guidance system. I hope to be able to go further, longer.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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