自由裁量权在民事案件适用中的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 22:19

本文选题：自由裁量权 + 民事案件　；参考：《北方工业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自由裁量权是法律赋予法官的灵魂,自1790年法学家杜波尔首次提出法官的“自由心证”即“证据裁量权”以来,无论是英美法系还是大陆法系,都在讨论如何规制。目前,国内外对于普遍重视刑事裁量权的规制,,而对于是否应当规制、如何规制则鲜有人研究。在实践中,法官和法学家更关注于判决的事实部分和法律关系确定的内容,而往往忽视对于证据采信、判决数额的公平公正性。实际上,由于不同地区的法官在行使民事自由裁量权时衡量标准和衡量区间的不同,导致同类型案件的判赔数额有较大差距,而这样的差距,让公众失去对法律行为的预判,开始质疑判决的公正性。就此,一些学者提出的建议,(比如裁判文书公开等),在法院已经施行多年,但实际效果并不明显。而一些建议,比如“行使民事裁量权备案制度”则不具备操作性。对此,本文从民事自由裁量权的历史出发,分析自由裁量权在民事案件适用中出现法律问题,提出对于民事自由裁量权应分类规制的思想,并逐一就国内外对于民事自由裁量权的规制方案进行分析,在此基础上参考借鉴目前北京市在规制刑事自由裁量权工作中的有益做法,提出相关建设性意见。
[Abstract]:Discretion is the soul given by law to the judge. Since the jurist du Boer first proposed the judge's "evidence discretion" in 1790, whether in the Anglo-American law system or the continental law system, how to regulate it has been discussed.At present, there are few studies on the regulation of criminal discretion at home and abroad, and on whether it should be regulated and how to regulate it.In practice, judges and jurists pay more attention to the content of the factual part of the judgment and the determination of the legal relationship, but often ignore the fairness and fairness of the judgment amount for the acceptance of evidence.In fact, because judges in different regions exercise their civil discretion, the difference in the standard and the measurement range leads to a large gap in the amount of compensation awarded in the same type of case, and such a gap causes the public to lose their pre-judgment on legal acts.Began to question the fairness of the verdict.In this regard, some scholars put forward some suggestions (such as the publication of judicial documents, etc.) in court for many years, but the actual effect is not obvious.Some suggestions, such as the civil discretion filing system, are not operational.In this paper, starting from the history of civil discretion, this paper analyzes the legal problems in the application of discretion in civil cases, and puts forward the idea that civil discretion should be classified and regulated.And on the basis of the analysis of the domestic and foreign rules and regulations of civil discretion, some constructive suggestions are put forward based on the reference of the beneficial practices in the regulation of criminal discretion in Beijing at present.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.1;D926.2

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