我国环境纠纷民间调解制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 04:19

本文选题：环境纠纷 + 民间调解　；参考：《吉首大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年随着我国加大开发利用环境资源,环境受污染的渠道增多,加之社会变动、利益争执,而环境纠纷也屡见不鲜。环境纠纷时常出现在有着相近的地理位置,或者主体之间联系紧密,而双方当事人在地理位置或者利益关系方面存在着联系。中国人看重的是熟人这一点,并且受传统影响群众不喜欢诉讼,在出现纠纷的情况下,不少人也希望在对自己利益进行保障的情况下,能够握手言和。本文所研究的环境纠纷是从狭义层面而言的环境民事纠纷,事实上是一种民间民事纠纷,在对其进行解决的过程中,对解决民事纠纷机制适用。和民间民事纠纷相比较而言,环境纠纷则具有较高的复杂性与不可预期性,而化解纠纷过程也是当事人之间权益妥协的过程。在这个过程中,依靠制度建设可降低化解纠纷的交易成本。本文开篇分析了我国环境纠纷民间调解制度的基本理论,界定本文研究的范围为生活型环境纠纷以及具有明确的因果关系,而且关系极其简单的和生产相关的环境纠纷;对环境纠纷民间调解进行明确,应该是中立第三方的个人或者民间机构,通过协商,从而解决环境民事纠纷使意愿实现的过程。与此同时,放眼域外国家和地区环境纠纷民间调解制度,得出调解人员专业化、司法权威为民间调解提供保障、民间调解与司法联通互动的可借鉴经验,为完善我国环境纠纷民间调解制度提供参考。鉴于环境纠纷民间调解制度的立法现状和实践现状,分别探析实际操作中存在《宪法》、《民事诉讼法》对环境纠纷只做原则性指引、《人民调解法》对环境纠纷只做一般性指引、环境保护法律法规中没有涉及环境纠纷民间调解,或者没有专门创设环境纠纷民间调解法律法规的立法缺陷,同时,在实践操作层面存在着环境纠纷民间调解未发挥应有作用、环境纠纷民间调解队伍不能满足社会需求和环境纠纷民间调解与其他解决纠纷制度不能协调的不足。在分析上述问题的基础上,笔者觉得我国要健全环境纠纷民间调解,需要改变理念、制定颁布《关于加强环境纠纷民间调解工作的意见》、建立一支适用社会需求的专业性调解队伍和建立与其他解纷制度的衔接机制等方面进行逐一破解,使解决纠纷方式成为一种有机系统,能够功能互补、良性互动、彼此联系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development and utilization of environmental resources in China, the channels of environmental pollution have increased, coupled with social changes, interest disputes, and environmental disputes are common. Environmental disputes often appear in the close geographical position, or the main body is closely linked, and the parties concerned in the geographical location or interest relationship. The Chinese value the acquaintance, and the traditional influence of the masses do not like litigation, in the case of disputes, many people also want to protect their own interests, can shake hands. The environmental dispute studied in this paper is a kind of civil dispute in the narrow sense, in fact, it is a kind of civil dispute. In the process of resolving it, it is applicable to the mechanism of resolving civil dispute. Compared with civil disputes, environmental disputes have higher complexity and unpredictability, and the process of resolving disputes is also the process of compromise of rights and interests between parties. In this process, relying on institutional construction can reduce the transaction costs of resolving disputes. At the beginning of this paper, the author analyzes the basic theory of folk mediation system of environmental disputes in China, and defines the scope of this study as life type environmental disputes and has a clear causal relationship, and extremely simple and production-related environmental disputes; The civil mediation of environmental disputes should be the process of realizing the will of neutral third party individuals or private organizations through negotiation to resolve environmental civil disputes. At the same time, looking at the civil mediation system of environmental disputes in foreign countries and regions, we can draw lessons from the specialization of mediators, the guarantee of judicial authority for folk mediation, and the interaction between folk mediation and judicature. It provides a reference for perfecting the civil mediation system of environmental disputes in China. In view of the present legislative and practical situation of the civil mediation system of environmental disputes, this paper analyzes the existence of "Constitution" in practical operation, "Civil procedure Law" provides only principled guidance to environmental disputes, and "people's Mediation Law" provides only general guidance to environmental disputes. Environmental protection laws and regulations do not involve civil mediation of environmental disputes, or there are no legislative defects in the creation of civil mediation laws and regulations for environmental disputes. At the same time, at the practical level, folk mediation of environmental disputes does not play its due role. Environmental dispute mediation team can not meet the needs of the society and environmental disputes folk mediation and other dispute resolution system can not be coordinated. On the basis of analyzing the above problems, the author thinks that in order to perfect the folk mediation of environmental disputes, we need to change our ideas. To formulate and promulgate the opinions on strengthening the Civil Mediation of Environmental disputes, to establish a professional mediation team suitable for social needs, and to establish a bridging mechanism with other dispute resolution systems to be cracked one by one. So that the way to resolve disputes into an organic system, can complement each other, benign interaction, mutual contact.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68;D926

【参考文献】