民事涉诉信访问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 05:47

本文选题：涉诉信访 + 制度困境　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着政治经济体制改革的进一步深化,隐藏在社会中的深层矛盾被激化,加上法律和制度的不健全,在解决社会矛盾的过程中在存在空白,直接导致了各种形式的信访。在这里,笔者要探讨的是信访中的一种特殊类别——涉诉信访。中国信访问题日益成为一个严重的社会问题,引起人们的重视,有关涉诉信访制度的理论研究也逐步加强,取得了一定的效果。本文综合运用规范与经验相结合的分析、历史分析、比较分析的研究方法,从涉诉信访的渊源、现状、问题、成因等方面着手,对我国的涉诉信访问题进行探讨,并针对这些问题提出了改革和完善我国涉诉信访制度的意见和建议。本文共分为五章,各章内容如下：第一章是对涉诉信访的概述。首先介绍了涉诉信访以及其他信访的概念,并于申诉、申请进行再审等实践中容易混淆的概念进行了了辨析。接下来就其分类进行了阐述,并陈述了涉诉信访的历史渊源及其在现代演变的过程。第二章参考了最高法院历年工作报告、《中国法律年鉴》、《人民法院年鉴》、上海市基层法院关于涉诉信访的数据,在实证的基础上阐述了法院的涉诉信访现状,并从三方面对其成因进行了剖析：根本原因在于司法不公,审判质量参差不齐；制度原因在于再审制度设计不科学,民事诉讼法修订也未能达到预期效果；此外,普通民众抱有朴素的道德意识,法律素养不足也是涉诉信访问题形成的重要原因。第三章首先介绍了涉诉信访领域的主要制度构成和现阶段实践中法院的处理办法。然后重点阐述了涉诉信访的制度困境,这一制度困境表现为涉诉信访的行政逻辑与司法逻辑之间的根本不同：将行政逻辑的涉诉信访内嵌到司法体制之中,是功能上的错误定位,必然导致法院的运行机制紊乱。最后阐述了涉诉信访与现代司法理念的冲突：从与程序正义、司法独立、司法权威、司法终局等方面的冲突进行了阐述。第四章介绍了境外与涉诉信访类似的制度设计,立足于能够解决中国实际问题的基础之上,运用比较分析方法,理性认识涉诉信访的利弊,为涉诉信访制度的完善提供视角、方法和路径的选择和参考。第五章分析了涉诉信访的改革路径和完善办法。根本出路是把涉诉信访问题纳入到法治的轨道加以解决。实行诉访分离,构造再审之诉制度。同时,对“访”的解决机制进行重塑。并对民事再审实行强制律师代理制度进行了初步的探索。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the further deepening of the reform of the political and economic system, the deep contradictions hidden in the society have been intensified, and the laws and systems are not perfect. There are gaps in the process of resolving the social contradictions. Directly led to various forms of letters and visits. Here, I would like to explore a special category in the petition-petition. The issue of letters and visits in China has become a serious social problem, which has attracted people's attention. The theoretical research on the system of petition and petition has been gradually strengthened and has achieved certain results. In this paper, the author makes comprehensive use of the research methods of combining norms and experience, historical analysis and comparative analysis, from the aspects of origin, present situation, problems, causes, etc., to probe into the problems of complaint letters and visits in our country. To solve these problems, some suggestions and suggestions are put forward to reform and perfect the system of complaint petition in our country. This paper is divided into five chapters, the contents of each chapter are as follows: The first chapter is the summary of the petition. This paper first introduces the concepts of complaint petition and other letters and visits, and discriminates the concepts that are easily confused in the practice of appeal, application for retrial and so on. Then it expounds its classification, and describes the historical origin of petition and its evolution in modern times. The second chapter refers to the past work reports of the Supreme Court, the Yearbook of China Law, the Yearbook of the people's Court, and the data of the basic courts of Shanghai about the petition and visits. On the basis of the empirical analysis, the author expounds the present situation of the petition and petition of the court. The causes of its formation are analyzed from three aspects: the fundamental causes lie in the miscarriage of justice and the uneven quality of the trial; the institutional reasons lie in the unscientific design of the retrial system, and the revision of the civil procedure law fails to achieve the expected results. The ordinary people have simple moral consciousness, the lack of legal literacy is also an important reason for the formation of complaint petition. The third chapter firstly introduces the constitution of the system in the field of petition and the methods of the court in practice at the present stage. Then, the paper focuses on the system dilemma of complaint petition, which is manifested by the fundamental difference between the administrative logic and the judicial logic: the administrative logic is embedded in the judicial system, and the administrative logic is embedded in the judicial system. It is the wrong position of function and inevitably leads to the disorder of the operation mechanism of the court. In the end, the author expounds the conflict between the petition and the modern judicial idea: from the aspects of procedural justice, judicial independence, judicial authority, judicial endgame and so on. The fourth chapter introduces the similar system design of complaint petition and petition outside China, based on the basis of solving the actual problems in China, using comparative analysis method, rational understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the petition, providing a perspective for the improvement of the petition system. Method and path selection and reference. The fifth chapter analyzes the reform path and perfect method of petition. The fundamental way out is to bring the issue of petition into the track of rule of law. Carry out the separation of complaint and visit, and construct the system of retrial. At the same time, the solution mechanism of "visit" is remoulded. At the same time, the system of compulsory lawyer's representation in civil retrial is preliminarily explored.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.1;D926

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