公有公共设施致害赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 10:34

本文选题：公有公共设施 + 致害赔偿　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展,社会的不断进步,政府职能也逐渐发生变化,由管理型政府逐步地向服务型政府快速地转变,公共权力观念正在为公共服务观念慢慢取代,在日常生产、生活中公民越来越多的接受政府提供的公有公共设施的各种服务,且此种服务与人们之间的关系日益紧密,甚至为成为人们生存所必须的组成部分。公有公共设施的设置、管理、维护正是这种服务行政的重要组成部分。公有公共设施在给人们生产和生活提供方便、带来舒适的同时,也存在由于设置或管理不善导致相对人人身或财产受到损害的现象,这些无疑成为制约公有公共设施更好的服务于公众的一个关键因素。近些年,公有公共设施致害案件时有发生,该类案件的受害人具有广泛性和不确定性,且与社会公众的切身利益息息相关,因此,引起了社会各界公众的广泛关注,有损害就有赔偿是古老的侵权法原则,即使是公有公共设施致害也应当按照相关法律予以处理,以使被害人获得相应的救济,从而更好的维护社会的稳定。在我国,司法实践中遇到此类案件,一般依据民事途径处理,但是此种处理方式存在一些不足和缺陷。公有公共设施致害是否应该纳入国家赔偿范围一直都是国内学者讨论的热点问题之一。笔者认为,无论从世界国家赔偿法的发展趋势来看,还是从我国经济社会以及法治建设的进程和环境来看,公有公共设施致害有纳入国家赔偿的必要性和可行性。本文由对几个案例引发的思考出发,首先从界定公有公共设施的概念、特征着手,对公有公共设施致害构成要件进行了分析,对大陆法系和英美法系有关国家公有公共设施致害案件赔偿的相关情况分别进行了系统介绍,接下来对当前我国公有公共设施致害相关立法和实践的现状进行了详细的梳理,指出了将公有公共设施致害适用民事相关法律依据民事程序处理存在的一些不足和缺陷,接着对公有公共设施致害纳入国家赔偿的可行性进行了说明,最后在以上分析、界定、梳理、说明的基础上,对构建我国公有公共设施致害国家赔偿制度提出了个人的一些粗浅的看法。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of society, the function of government is changing gradually. The concept of public power is gradually replaced by the concept of public service, and it is in daily production. More and more citizens accept the public facilities provided by the government, and this kind of service is more and more closely related to people, even become a necessary part of people's survival. The establishment, management and maintenance of public facilities is an important part of this service administration. While providing convenience and comfort for people to produce and live in public facilities, there is also the phenomenon that the person or property of the relative person is damaged as a result of the installation or mismanagement of the facility. These are undoubtedly a key factor that restricts public utilities to better serve the public. In recent years, cases caused by public facilities have occurred from time to time. The victims of such cases are extensive and uncertain, and are closely related to the vital interests of the public. Therefore, it has aroused the widespread concern of the public from all walks of life. Compensation for damages is an ancient tort law principle, even public facilities damage should be dealt with in accordance with the relevant laws, so that the victims can get corresponding relief, so as to better maintain social stability. In our country, this kind of case is usually dealt with according to civil way in judicial practice, but there are some shortcomings and defects in this way. Whether the damage caused by public facilities should be included in the scope of state compensation has always been one of the hot issues discussed by domestic scholars. The author thinks that whether from the development trend of the state compensation law in the world, or from the process and environment of our country's economic society and the construction of the rule of law, it is necessary and feasible for the damage caused by the public facilities to be included in the state compensation. Based on the thinking of several cases, this paper begins with the definition of the concept and characteristics of public facilities, and analyzes the constitutive elements of the damage caused by public facilities. This paper systematically introduces the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system about the compensation of the public utilities injury cases in the countries, and then makes a detailed analysis of the current legislation and practice of the public facilities damage in China. This paper points out some shortcomings and defects existing in the application of civil related laws to the damage caused by public facilities, and then explains the feasibility of bringing the damage caused by public facilities into the state compensation. Finally, the above analysis is made and defined. On the basis of combing and explaining, the author puts forward some personal views on the construction of the national compensation system for the damage caused by the public utilities in our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.1;D926

【参考文献】