我国职务犯罪初查制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 10:21

本文选题：职务犯罪 + 初查　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国检察机关通过查办职务犯罪实现对国家工作人员行使职权行为的法律监督,这是检察机关的一项重要职能,如何有效发现和准确、及时地查处职务犯罪案件,是当前检察机关所面临的重要理论和实践课题。随着我国法治化进程的深入和刑事诉讼程序的逐步完善,检察机关查办职务犯罪的理念必然要求从“由供到证”向“由证到供”转变,面对职务犯罪的复杂情况和出现的新特点,检察机关在长期的办案实践中逐步形成了初查制度,并在《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》中作了明确规定。初查主要是通过秘密调查的方法获取必要的事实证据,证实检察机关受理的自侦案件线索是否涉嫌犯罪,进而决定是否需要立案侦查。实践证明,初查的成败直接关系到职务犯罪案件查处的成败,因而初查在自侦办案中具有十分重要的作用。然而,我国刑事诉讼法并没有明确的初查概念,这使得初查制度处于尴尬语境中,认真深入地研究和探讨初查制度,对于确保职务犯罪查办工作的健康发展,进而促进我国刑事诉讼立法的进一步完善,具有十分重要的意义。我从以下六个部分来研究我国职务犯罪初查制度: 1、首先总体概述了我国职务犯罪初查制度,对其历史脉络作了一些梳理,阐述了初查形成的背景及其产生和发展,以便全面理解。 2、理论界对初查的性质众说纷纭,该部分先探讨了初查的渊源,而后针对各派学说重点论证两点:一、初查是一种诉讼行为,而不是行政行为。二、初查本质上是任意侦查,属于广义的“侦查”,但与我国刑诉法上的侦查有区别。 3、由于现行刑事诉讼法中没有明确使用“初查”一词,理论界、实务界对初查的合法性争议颇大,该部分对置疑现存初查制度合法性的观点给予驳斥,并论证初查的合法性,理由有两点:一、立法已将初查程序隐含其中。二、初查作为任意侦查,法无规定也可行使。 4、这部分对初查制度的积极作用和缺陷进行了总结。十余年来,我国职务犯罪初查制度已经初步形成了自己的规范体系,其存在具有必要性,但仍存在不少缺陷,严重地制约着初查制度的进一步发展与完善。 5、从比较法的视角去看国外的相关制度,从一些有代表性的国家刑事诉讼制度中,探寻出一些科学的理念和制度,以对我国初查制度的改革提供一些借鉴。 6、通过以上五部分的分析,提出了对我国职务犯罪初查制度改革的立法建议:其一、应弱化立案在刑事诉讼程序中的独立地位,强化“立案”手续的形式要件作用,这一形式要件的具备与否作为是否可以采取强制性措施的分界线。其二、应在立法中明确初查的法律地位,初查就是刑事诉讼程序启动的标志,以办理立案手续为界,把侦查活动分解为初查与正式侦查。其三、立法应赋予检察机关在职务犯罪初查过程中,可有条件地运用秘密侦查和技术侦查等特殊侦查手段,以适应当前查办职务犯罪案件的需要。同时,针对实践中存在的问题,提出了完善的建议:一、加强初查的规范化建设。二、初查应当有时限规定。三、强化和完善对初查的内外部监督机制。总之,我国的初查制度有其孕育、产生、并长期存在的实践土壤,它来源于实践,又在实践中得到不断完善和发展,将来在实践中必然会发挥其更大的作用。
[Abstract]:It is an important function of the procuratorial organs to realize the legal supervision by the procuratorial organs of our country through the investigation of the duty crime, which is an important function of the procuratorial organs. It is an important theory and practice subject that the procuratorial organs are faced with. With the gradual improvement of the entry and criminal procedure, the concept of the procuratorial organ's investigation of the duty crime is bound to change from "from the supply to the certificate" to "from the certificate to the supply". In the face of the complex situation and the new characteristics of the duty crime, the procuratorial organ has gradually formed a preliminary investigation system in the long term practice of the case, and in the "criminal procedure rules of the people's Procuratorate." The rule is clearly stipulated.
The preliminary investigation is mainly through the secret investigation method to obtain the necessary facts evidence, verify whether the procuratorial organ's self detection case clues are suspected of crime, and then decide whether to establish the case investigation. The practice has proved that the success or failure of the preliminary investigation is directly related to the success or failure of the investigation of the case of the duty crime, so the preliminary investigation is very important in the self investigation case. However, the criminal procedure law of our country does not have a clear concept of preliminary investigation. This makes the initial inspection system in an awkward context. It is of great significance to study and discuss the system of preliminary investigation in a serious and deep way. It is of great significance to ensure the healthy development of the investigation of the job crime and further improve the criminal procedure legislation of our country.
From the following six parts, I study the preliminary investigation system of duty crime in China.
1, first of all, a general overview of the system of the initial investigation of the duty crime in China is summarized, and its historical context is combed, the background of the formation of the preliminary investigation and its production and development are expounded in order to fully understand it.
2, the theoretical circles have different opinions on the nature of the preliminary investigation. This part first probes into the origin of the preliminary investigation, and then points out two points of emphasis on the doctrines of each school: first, the preliminary investigation is a litigation act, not the administrative act. Two, the preliminary investigation is essentially arbitrary investigation, which belongs to the generalized "investigation", but is different from the criminal investigation in our country.
3, because there is no clear use of the word "preliminary check" in the current criminal procedure law, the theorists and the practical circles have a great dispute about the legitimacy of the preliminary investigation. This part refutes the views on the legitimacy of the existing preliminary examination system, and demonstrates the legitimacy of the preliminary investigation, and there are two reasons for it: first, the legislation has implied the initial investigation procedure. Two, preliminary investigation as arbitrary detection. It is also feasible to check.
4, this part summarizes the positive role and defects of the preliminary investigation system. In the last ten years, the system of the initial investigation of the duty crime in our country has initially formed its own standard system, and its existence is necessary, but there are still many defects, which seriously restrict the further development and perfection of the preliminary investigation system.
5, from the perspective of comparative law to see the related system abroad, from some representative national criminal procedure system, explore some scientific ideas and systems, in order to provide some reference for the reform of China's initial investigation system.
6, through the analysis of the above five parts, this paper puts forward the legislative proposals for the reform of the initial investigation system for the duty crime in China: first, it should weaken the independent status of the case in the criminal procedure and strengthen the form elements of the formalities of "filing a case". The legal status of the initial investigation should be clearly defined in the legislation, and the initial investigation is the symbol of the initiation of the criminal procedure, and the criminal procedure should be divided into the first check and the formal investigation. Thirdly, the legislation should endow the procuratorial organs with the special investigation means such as secret investigation and technical investigation in the course of the initial investigation of the duty crime. In order to meet the needs of investigating crime cases in the current situation, the paper puts forward some perfect suggestions in view of the problems in practice: first, to strengthen the standardized construction of the preliminary investigation. Two, the initial check should have time limit. Three, strengthening and perfecting the internal and external supervision mechanism for the preliminary investigation.
In a word, the system of preliminary investigation in China has its breeding, producing, and long existing practical soil. It comes from practice and has been perfected and developed in practice. In the future, it will inevitably play its greater role in practice.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】