我国诉前调解制度研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 14:20
【摘要】：随着经济社会的发展,诉至法院的矛盾纠纷承“爆炸式”发展趋势,世界各国相继提出了“多元化纠纷解决”的思想,并开展了多元化纠纷解决的实践。美国在20世纪30年代就提出了ADR概念,在60年代之后得到迅猛发展,日本、德国及我国台湾地区也都开展了类似的替代性纠纷解决机制。我国则是在“司法社会化”和“多元化纠纷解决机制”的理论背景下提出了诉前调解的概念。诉前调解最初在上海市松江区得以开展实施,取得了良好的效果,其后迅速发展蔓延至全国。但是由于没有统一的法律规范,我国诉前调解在开展实施的过程中还面临着诸如调解主体、范围不统一,调解程序不规范,调解协议效力不明确等诸多问题。 2012年8月31日,第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过了修订《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的决定,新民事诉讼法已于2013年1月1日起开始正式实施。新民事诉讼法第122条规定：“当事人起诉到人民法院的民事纠纷,适宜调解的,先行调解,但当事人拒绝调解的除外。”此条提出了先行调解的制度,受到社会各界的广泛关注。本文以新民事诉讼法中“先行调解”的规定为背景展开,分析我国诉前调解制度的现状和存在的问题,并针对我国诉前调解制度的构建提出具体的完善措施。 本文共分为三大部分。 第一部分介绍诉前调解的基本理论,总结关于诉前调解概念界定的不同意见,同时,提出笔者自己的观点。另外,把诉前调解同几个相近概念进行了区分。 第二部分重点分析我国诉前调解的现状及存在的问题。笔者先是对我国目前关于诉前调解的相关法律条文进行了汇总,并对实践中已开展的诉前调解的情况进行一个统计,从大中城市、小城镇及村庄两个维度选取典型进行分析,以数据、流程图等多种形式辅助研究；然后针对我国现行诉前调解制度进行评析,分析其优点及不足之处,重点围绕新民事诉讼法中关于“先行调解”的规定展开,同时对于实践中的应用指出其可供今后吸收借鉴的地方及存在问题需要改进之处。 第三部分针对诉前调解中存在的问题,结合对国外相关制度的研究借鉴和我国的现实国情,笔者详细阐述了自己关于构建和完善我国诉前调解制度的意见,从诉前调解的主体、范围、流程、调解协议的效力等方面进行具体说明。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the conflicts and disputes to the court are facing the trend of "explosive" development. Countries all over the world have put forward the idea of "pluralistic dispute resolution" one after another, and have carried out the practice of pluralistic dispute resolution. The United States put forward the concept of ADR in the 1930s and developed rapidly after the 1960s. Japan, Germany and Taiwan have all developed similar alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. In our country, the concept of pre-litigation mediation is put forward under the background of judicial socialization and pluralistic dispute resolution mechanism. Pre-litigation mediation was initially carried out in Songjiang District of Shanghai and achieved good results, and then spread to the whole country. However, due to the lack of uniform legal norms, in the process of implementation of pre-litigation mediation in China, it is still faced with such as the mediation subject, the scope is not uniform, the mediation procedure is not standardized. On August 31, 2012, the 28th meeting of the standing Committee of the Eleventh National people's Congress adopted a decision to amend the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China. The new Code of Civil procedure has been formally implemented since January 1, 2013. Article 122 of the new Code of Civil procedure states: "where a civil dispute brought by a party to a people's court is suitable for mediation, mediation shall be carried out first, except where the party refuses to mediate." This article put forward the system of mediation in advance, and received wide attention from all walks of life. Based on the provisions of "mediation first" in the new civil procedure law, this paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the pre-litigation mediation system in China, and puts forward concrete measures to perfect the construction of the pre-litigation mediation system in China. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic theory of pre-litigation mediation, summarizes the different opinions about the definition of pre-litigation mediation, and puts forward my own views. In addition, the pre-litigation mediation and several similar concepts are distinguished. The second part focuses on the analysis of the status quo and existing problems of pre-litigation mediation in China. First of all, the author summarizes the relevant legal provisions of pre-litigation mediation in China, and carries on a statistic on the situation of pre-litigation mediation that has been carried out in practice, and analyzes the typical cases from the two dimensions of large and medium-sized cities, small towns and villages. With data, flow chart and other forms of auxiliary research, and then in view of the current system of pre-litigation mediation in China to analyze its advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the new civil procedure law on the "mediation in advance" provisions, At the same time, for the practical application, it points out that it can be used for reference in the future and the existing problems need to be improved. In the third part, according to the problems existing in the pre-litigation mediation, combining with the research on the relevant systems in foreign countries and the actual situation of our country, the author expounds in detail his opinions on the construction and improvement of the pre-litigation mediation system in our country, from the subject of the pre-litigation mediation. Scope, flow, mediation agreement effectiveness and other aspects of the specific description.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D925.1
本文编号：2203135
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the conflicts and disputes to the court are facing the trend of "explosive" development. Countries all over the world have put forward the idea of "pluralistic dispute resolution" one after another, and have carried out the practice of pluralistic dispute resolution. The United States put forward the concept of ADR in the 1930s and developed rapidly after the 1960s. Japan, Germany and Taiwan have all developed similar alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. In our country, the concept of pre-litigation mediation is put forward under the background of judicial socialization and pluralistic dispute resolution mechanism. Pre-litigation mediation was initially carried out in Songjiang District of Shanghai and achieved good results, and then spread to the whole country. However, due to the lack of uniform legal norms, in the process of implementation of pre-litigation mediation in China, it is still faced with such as the mediation subject, the scope is not uniform, the mediation procedure is not standardized. On August 31, 2012, the 28th meeting of the standing Committee of the Eleventh National people's Congress adopted a decision to amend the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China. The new Code of Civil procedure has been formally implemented since January 1, 2013. Article 122 of the new Code of Civil procedure states: "where a civil dispute brought by a party to a people's court is suitable for mediation, mediation shall be carried out first, except where the party refuses to mediate." This article put forward the system of mediation in advance, and received wide attention from all walks of life. Based on the provisions of "mediation first" in the new civil procedure law, this paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the pre-litigation mediation system in China, and puts forward concrete measures to perfect the construction of the pre-litigation mediation system in China. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic theory of pre-litigation mediation, summarizes the different opinions about the definition of pre-litigation mediation, and puts forward my own views. In addition, the pre-litigation mediation and several similar concepts are distinguished. The second part focuses on the analysis of the status quo and existing problems of pre-litigation mediation in China. First of all, the author summarizes the relevant legal provisions of pre-litigation mediation in China, and carries on a statistic on the situation of pre-litigation mediation that has been carried out in practice, and analyzes the typical cases from the two dimensions of large and medium-sized cities, small towns and villages. With data, flow chart and other forms of auxiliary research, and then in view of the current system of pre-litigation mediation in China to analyze its advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the new civil procedure law on the "mediation in advance" provisions, At the same time, for the practical application, it points out that it can be used for reference in the future and the existing problems need to be improved. In the third part, according to the problems existing in the pre-litigation mediation, combining with the research on the relevant systems in foreign countries and the actual situation of our country, the author expounds in detail his opinions on the construction and improvement of the pre-litigation mediation system in our country, from the subject of the pre-litigation mediation. Scope, flow, mediation agreement effectiveness and other aspects of the specific description.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D925.1
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