检察院提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 08:07

【摘要】：自检察院提起民事公益诉讼试点之初,诉前程序和提起诉讼即被放在同等重要的位置。检察院提起民事公益诉讼诉前程序是指检察院在履行职责中发现特定领域存在损害社会公共利益行为,在提起民事公益诉讼之前,应当依法督促或者支持对民事公益诉讼享有优先权的法律规定的机关和有关组织起诉的制度安排。敦促政府权力主体履行法定责任和补强社会组织的诉讼行为能力是诉前程序的特有功能。先行适用的法定性、履行方式的特定性、后续衔接的强制性是诉前程序的基本特征。设置诉前程序并要求先行适用,有利于促进检察院办案资源的正当利用与有效节省,也是对适格主体之民事公益诉权的尊重。检察院在民事公益诉讼中享有与适格主体相竞合的诉讼实施权,在实现顺序上其具有后位性且自始至终不能排斥和否定适格主体的诉讼实施权。全面、客观、冷静地评估试点状况,才可能在诉前程序入法时真正做到肯定经验与纠正偏差的兼顾。在修改后的我国《人民检察院组织法》中增加规定检察院在履行诉前程序后有权提起民事公益诉讼并善意地解释我国《民事诉讼法》第210条,是实现诉前程序更快更好入法的适当路径。
[Abstract]:Since the procuratorate initiated the trial of civil public interest litigation, the pre-litigation procedure and the prosecution have been placed in the same important position. The procedure before the procuratorate brings a civil public interest action means that the procuratorate, in the course of performing its duties, discovers that there is an act of harming the public interest of the society in a specific field, and before it initiates a civil public interest lawsuit, The organs and relevant organizations that enjoy priority in civil public interest litigation shall be urged or supported in accordance with the law. Urging the subject of government power to fulfill the legal responsibility and strengthen the capacity of litigation of social organizations is the special function of the pre-lawsuit procedure. The basic characteristics of the pre-suit procedure are the legal qualification of the application in advance, the specificity of the mode of performance and the compulsion of subsequent convergence. To set up the procedure before litigation and to apply it in advance is helpful to promote the proper utilization and effective saving of the resources of the procuratorate's handling of cases, and it is also the respect of the civil public interest litigation right of the suitably subject. In civil public interest litigation, the procuratorate enjoys the right to implement the suit which is compatible with the suitably subject, and in the order of realization, it has a later position and can not exclude and negate the right of implementation of the suitably subject from the beginning to the end. Comprehensive, objective and calm evaluation of the pilot status, it is possible to truly affirm experience and correct deviation in the pre-litigation procedure. In the revised Organic Law of the people's Procuratorate, it is added that the procuratorate shall have the right to file a civil public interest lawsuit after performing the pre-litigation procedure and to interpret Article 210 of the Civil procedure Law in good faith. It is the proper path to achieve faster and better access to the procedure before litigation.
【作者单位】：山东大学法学院;
【基金】：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“检察机关提起公益诉讼的法律问题研究”(项目编号:15CFXJ15)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D925.1;D926.3

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