公司法中的合同空间——从契约法到组织法的逻辑

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:19

本文选题：公司　切入点：合同　出处：《法学》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：与合同法以"契约自由"为原则不同,公司法领域虽处处存在可合同之空间,但"契约不自由"是公司法上契约行为之本质——这也是"公司法中的合约逻辑"不同于"合同法中的合约逻辑"之核心所在。此种合约逻辑之差异是由公司以及公司法的组织法或团体法本质所决定的。因为公司内蕴的团体性,公司法中的契约多为"组织性契约"。该种"组织性契约"属"私法中的公共契约"或"私法中的团体性契约",正是因为公司契约之团体性,其意思自由及自己决定受到更多拘束——"合同不自由"成为公司契约之主要品性。无论是公司设立、运营还是解散过程中,"合同不自由"都是普遍现象。而且,随着公司治理的建立、公司人格的完成以及公共规制的介入,公司内部的合同自由在下降。这也意味着"越多的公司法内容",则"越少的合同空间"。就此而言,组织法是对合同法的一种取代,如同标准合约是对意思自治的限制一样。
[Abstract]:Different from the principle of "freedom of contract" in contract law, there is room for contract in the field of company law. But "not freedom of contract" is the essence of contract behavior in company law-which is the core of "contract logic in company law" different from "contract logic" in contract law. Determined by the nature of the organic or corporate law of a company. Most of the contracts in company law are "organizational contracts", which belong to "public contracts in private law" or "group contracts in private law", which is precisely because of the group nature of corporate contracts. Its freedom of meaning and its own decision to be bound by more-"not free contract" become the main character of the contract. Whether it is the establishment, operation or dissolution of the company, "not free of contract" is a common phenomenon. With the establishment of corporate governance, the completion of corporate personality and the intervention of public regulation, the freedom of contract within the company is declining. Organic law is a substitute for contract law, just as standard contract is a restriction on autonomy of will.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会主义市场经济中的公共商行为及其规制”(项目号:14ZDC019)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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