一人公司治理结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:06

本文选题：一人公司　切入点：治理结构　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着一人公司进入我国《公司法》,一人公司的设立也逐渐兴起。然而,我国《公司法》对一人公司的规定却并不完善,这将有可能阻碍一人公司的发展。本文运用利益相关者理论,对一人公司的治理结构进行分析,并提出了具体的可行性建议,以弥补立法的不足。一人公司的治理结构,其实质就是要解决股东、职工以及债权人等公司利益相关者在公司中的地位问题,以平衡他们之间的利益。因为一人公司具有股东的惟一性与产权结构的单一性特征,股东往往身兼董事与监事之职,完全改变了传统公司股东多元化的状况。这样,传统公司法中股东会、董事会、监事会之间的分权制衡机制就无法发挥作用,一人股东的权力失去了制约。其结果就是股东将极有可能滥用公司有限责任和公司独立人格,从而损害职工、债权人和社会公共利益。因此,一人公司应该吸收职工等其他非股东利益相关者参与公司治理,通过赋予主要的利益相关者参与公司事务的权利来建立合理的公司治理结构。只有如此,公司才能在各利益相关者之间建立分权和制衡机制,寻求包括股东在内的各利益相关者之间的利益平衡。在内部治理方面,对于股东会,一人公司不设股东会,由股东行使股东会的权利,但也要防止股东与一人有限责任公司之间的人格混同,维护一人有限责任公司的独立法人地位。所以,要通过法律明确规定股东的权利、义务与责任,防止股东对其他利益相关者利益的侵犯。对于董事会,以一人公司的规模特别是职工人数来决定是否设立。较小的一人公司可以不设董事会,只设一名执行董事。较大的一人公司,则必须设立董事会,且董事会成员中必须有职工董事。另外,对于董事的权利、义务、责任也要有明确的法律规定。监事会的作用在于通过制衡董事会来防止董事会滥用权力,从而保护公司、股东、债权人及职工的利益,其在公司中处于一种相对独立的地位。因此,一人公司无论是否设立监事会,监事中都必须有职工代表。为防止股东干涉监事会,必须剥夺股东的监事资格,保证监事会的独立性。监事会按照法律和公司章程规定行使自己的职权,同时承担相应的责任和义务。在外部治理方面,为了平衡股东与债权人之间的利益关系,加强对债权人的利益保护,本文主张通过建立一人公司资产状况变动报告制度和设立会计监察人制度,来健全一人公司的财务监督制度。当股东滥用有限责任和公司独立人格,在符合法人人格否认的要件时,债权人也可以要求法院对一人公司法人人格进行否认。
[Abstract]:With the entry of one-man company into our company law, the establishment of one-man company is rising gradually. However, the regulation of one-man company in our country is not perfect. This may hinder the development of one-man company. This paper analyzes the governance structure of one-man company by means of stakeholder theory and puts forward some feasible suggestions to make up for the insufficiency of legislation. The essence of the governance structure of a one-man company is to solve the problem of the position of stakeholders such as shareholders, employees and creditors in the company. In order to balance the interests between them. Because one-man companies have the sole character of shareholders and the singularity of the structure of property rights, shareholders often have the functions of directors and supervisors, which has completely changed the situation of diversification of shareholders in traditional companies. In the traditional company law, the mechanism of separation of powers between shareholders' meeting, board of directors and board of supervisors is unable to play its role, and the power of one shareholder loses its restriction. The result is that shareholders will abuse the limited liability of the company and the independent personality of the company. Therefore, a one-person company should involve other non-shareholder stakeholders, such as staff and workers, to participate in corporate governance. Establish reasonable corporate governance structures by empowering major stakeholders to participate in corporate affairs. Only in this way can companies establish separation of powers and checks and balances among stakeholders. Seek a balance of interests among stakeholders, including shareholders. In terms of internal governance, for shareholders' meetings, a one-person company does not set up shareholders' meetings. Shareholders exercise the rights of shareholders' meetings. However, it is also necessary to prevent the personality confusion between shareholders and one-person limited liability companies. Maintain the status of an independent legal person of a limited liability company. Therefore, the rights, obligations and responsibilities of shareholders should be clearly defined by law in order to prevent shareholders from encroaching on the interests of other stakeholders. A smaller one-person company may have no board of directors, but only one executive director. The larger one-member company must establish a board of directors. In addition, there must also be clear legal provisions on the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of directors. The role of the supervisory board is to prevent the board of directors from abusing its power through checks and balances, thereby protecting the company. The interests of shareholders, creditors and workers are in a relatively independent position in the company. Therefore, no matter whether a one-person company has a supervisory board or not, the supervisor must have an employee representative in order to prevent shareholders from interfering with the board of supervisors, It is necessary to deprive the shareholders of their supervisory qualifications and to ensure the independence of the board of supervisors. The board of supervisors shall exercise its own functions and powers in accordance with the law and the articles of association, and at the same time bear the corresponding responsibilities and obligations. In terms of external governance, in order to balance the interests of shareholders and creditors and strengthen the protection of the interests of creditors, this paper advocates the establishment of a one-man company asset status change reporting system and an accounting supervisor system. When shareholders abuse limited liability and independent personality of the company, creditors can also ask the court to deny the legal personality of one-person company when it meets the requirements of the denial of corporate personality.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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