公司成立前合同责任承担探析

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:10

本文选题：公司成立前合同　切入点：发起人　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在公司设立阶段,发起人为促成公司设立,为取得必要的资金、财产、人员等物质性要素,不可避免地要为公司利益与第三人发生交易,因此而与第三人签订的合同,称为公司成立前合同或者发起人合同。公司成立前合同的责任归属问题影响到公司发起人、公司和第三人等主体的利益平衡和风险分担。但是由于公司设立阶段以及合同自身的特殊性,加之法律对此缺乏明确规定,导致公司成立前合同的责任承担问题不但在理论上有很多困惑,而且司法实践上也不知如何处理,从而极大地损害了交易安全与稳定。因此,对公司成立前合同责任承担问题的研究具有极大的理论和实践价值。除了引言和结论,本文正文包括四大部分: 第一部分是对公司成立前合同的概述和公司成立前合同责任承担问题所面临主要困境的简要归纳。在这一部分,文章首先分析了公司成立前合同的概念与特征,明确了各自的范围、形式与分类,然后进一步分析原则上承认公司成立前合同有效性的现实必要。最后,笔者总结了解决公司成立前合同问题所面临的几个关键争议。文章第二部分,是对各国关于公司成立前合同责任承担问题的司法实践与理论研究现状的比较研究。通过对别国现状的介绍学习,在对目前学界对公司成立前合同责任承担问题的研究现状有一个了解的基础上,笔者形成了自己解决公司成立前合同责任归属问题新的思路、视角和方法。第三部分,是笔者针对公司成立前合同责任归属问题提出的完善和建立相应制度的建议。笔者认为,结合我国公司法现状,我国亟需完善关于公司发起人制度的法律规定,早日建立设立中公司制度。只有在这一前提下,才能具体分析公司成立前合同的效力、合同主体与责任承担。文章第四部分是笔者对具体形态的公司成立前合同的责任承担分析。文章首先阐述了解决公司成立前合同责任承担问题的价值立场和分析方法,表明了笔者主张原则上要承认公司成立前合同有效性的观点立场。接着,为解决公司成立前合同责任承担问题,笔者提出了“两阶段三步骤”的方法。笔者认为要突破以往根据公司发起人订立公司成立前合同不同名义和区分公司设立结果的成败来分析责任归属的分析思路,主张要更加具体深入地考量影响合同责任承担的本质因素。因此,“两阶段三步骤”方法建议在分析问题的时候要区分研究公司设立阶段发起人的责任承担和公司成立后阶段合同权利义务向公司发生的转移和继承,应该研究各个阶段静止状态的责任承担和阶段过渡之间动态的转移,而不应该单纯从最后的公司设立结果来确定责任。公司设立虽然是一个不断变化的动态过程,但是在每一时刻公司成立前合同的责任归属都应该是确定的,不能认为在公司设立产生结果以前合同权利义务是不确定的。事实上,公司设立的成败只对责任是否向公司发生转移有影响。在确定公司成立前合同责任的静态归属与动态转移问题上,要进行三个步骤的分析:第一步,分析公司成立前合同在初始订立时合同主体的真实意思;第二步,法律对公司成立前合同的效力进行评价;第三步,根据合同是否有效以及合同主体的真实意思确认合同责任的静态承担与动态转移,并且分析第三人请求权的行使状况。
[Abstract]:During the establishment of the company, the promoters to the establishment, in order to obtain the necessary funds, property, personnel and other material elements, inevitably to the interests of the company and the third transactions, and therefore signed with the third person contract, said before the establishment of contract for the company or from the contract.
The responsibilities of the contract before the establishment of the company to the promoters of the company, the balance of interests and risks of the company and the third person the main share. But because of the particularity of company establishment stage and the contract itself, and the law is not clear, leading to the contract before the establishment of the company's liability is not only a lot of confusion in theory. But also do not know how to deal with the judicial practice, which greatly damages the transaction security and stability. Therefore, has great theoretical and practical value to study the problem of responsibility of the contract before the establishment of the company.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text includes four parts:
The first part is an overview of the company and the company before the establishment of the establishment of the contract before the contract responsibility briefly sums up the main difficulties faced. In this part, the article firstly analyzes the concept and characteristics of the company before the establishment of the contract, clearly the respective scope, form and classification, and further analysis of the principle of recognition is necessary to the establishment of the company effectiveness of the contract. Finally, the author sums up several key points of dispute resolution before the establishment of the company contract issues.
The second part is on the comparative study on judicial practice and theory of the contract before the liability company established by other countries. The status quo of the learning, based on the current academic circles have an understanding of the established research contract before the responsibility of the author, formed their own company the establishment of a new idea before the contract responsibility, perspectives and methods.
The third part is put forward according to the pre incorporation contract responsibility problems to improve and establish the corresponding system suggestion. The author believes that with the status quo of our company law, China should improve the legal provisions on the sponsor system, the early establishment of the establishment of the company system. Only in this premise, to specific analysis the effectiveness of the company before the establishment of the contract, the contract subject and responsibility.
The fourth part is the author of the specific forms of responsibility before the establishment of the contract for analysis. Firstly the solution company value standpoint and analysis method of the contract before the responsibility, that the author advocates the principle to admit the validity of the contract before the establishment of the company position. Then, in order to solve the pre incorporation contract responsibility take the problem, the author puts forward the method of "two stage and three steps". The author thinks that we should break through analysis of previous ideas according to the promoters of the company the company has signed the contract before the establishment of different names and distinguish the company set up the result to analyze the attribution of responsibility, insist on more specific in-depth consideration of essential factors affecting the contract liability. Therefore, "two stages and three steps" method in the analysis of the problems of the company set up to distinguish between stage sponsor responsibility and company Transfer and inheritance rights and obligations under the contract to the stage, after the transfer, should study the various stages of static state and dynamic responsibility between phase transition, and should not only from the last company set up to determine the outcome of responsibility. Although the company set up is a dynamic process of changing the attribution of responsibility, but before the establishment of contract every time the company should be determined, not that the establishment in the company before the rights and obligations under the contract is uncertain. In fact, the company set up only on whether the success or failure of responsibility to the company transfer effect. The static occurrence and dynamic transfer of ownership before the establishment of contract responsibility in determining the company, analysis three steps: the first step, the true meaning of the pre incorporation contract is concluded in the initial contract; the second step, the effectiveness of the contract before the establishment of the company law The third step is to confirm the static commitment and dynamic transfer of contractual liability according to the validity of contract and the true meaning of the contract body, and analyze the exercise of the third party's claim right.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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