公司章程强制与限制股权转让的效力研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:49

本文选题：有限公司章程　切入点：强制股权转让　出处：《大连海事大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 2005年《公司法》修订后,公司的自治权利有所扩大,如《公司法》第72条第四款规定：“公司章程对股权转让另有规定的,从其规定。”从这条规定可以看出,法律已经明确规定有限公司可以对股权转让做一定的安排,但该法却没有对公司具体可以做什么样的安排作出明确界定,有人认为可以解释成法无禁止即自由,有限公司可以对股权转让相关事项做任意安排甚至可以作出与第72条前三款相反的规定。因此,实践中也出现了大量的有限公司在章程中规定与《公司法》第72条前三款相冲突的章程条款,其中以章程条款强制股东转让股权和章程条款限制股东转让股权最为常见。那么这些章程条款的效力如何?本文分别对这两种情况加以分析,对于有限公司章程强制股东转让股权的效力问题,笔者从股权性质和章程自治界限两方面进行分析,从股权的性质来看,股权是股东的固有权利,公司章程强制股东转让股权的条款应是无效的,从章程自治界限来看,公司章程强制股东转让股权超出了公司自治的界限,应是无效的。对于有限公司章程限制股东转让股权的效力问题,由于在实践中,公司对股权转让的限制通常是限制股东向外转让股权,并且这种限制往往达到禁止或变相禁止股权转让的程度,因此,笔者在本文中主要研究这种极端情况下有限公司章程限制股权转让的效力。笔者从支持有限公司限制股权转让的理论基础入手,得出其从理论基础向外的进一步推导过程中出现的缺陷,加之其亦不符合《公司法》第72条前三款的强制性规定,得出公司限制股权转让达到禁止或变相禁止股东向外转让股权的程度的章程条款无效的结论。最后,本文通过对境外相关立法的借鉴和对我国学者观点的参考,经过笔者思考分析,提出了几点对公司章程与股权转让冲突问题的结决办法。
[Abstract]:After the amendment of the Company Law in 2005, the right of autonomy of the company has been expanded. For example, Article 72 (4) of the Company Law stipulates: "if the articles of association of a company otherwise provide for the transfer of shares, the provisions of the articles of association shall prevail."From this provision, we can see that the law has clearly stipulated that limited companies may make certain arrangements for the transfer of shares, but the law does not clearly define what kind of arrangements can be made by companies.It was suggested that it could be interpreted as free without prohibition and that limited companies could make arbitrary arrangements on matters related to the transfer of shares or even make provisions contrary to the first three paragraphs of article 72.Therefore, in practice, there are a large number of articles of association that are in conflict with the first three paragraphs of Article 72 of Company Law, among which the articles of association are the most common to force shareholders to transfer equity and articles of association to restrict shareholders from transferring equity.So what is the effect of these articles of association?In this paper, the author analyzes these two situations separately. The author analyzes the validity of the limited company's articles of association from two aspects: the nature of ownership and the limits of autonomy of articles of association.Equity is the inherent right of shareholders, and the articles of association that compel shareholders to transfer equity should be invalid. From the point of view of the autonomy of articles of association, the compulsory transfer of shares by shareholders in articles of association is beyond the limits of corporate autonomy and should be null and void.With regard to the validity of limited company articles of association restricting shareholders to transfer equity, because in practice, the limitation of company on equity transfer is usually to restrict shareholders from transferring equity to outside.And this kind of restriction often achieves the prohibition or the disguised prohibition of the share right transfer, therefore, in this article, the author mainly studies this kind of extreme situation limited company articles of association limit the stock right transfer effect.Starting from the theoretical basis of supporting limited company to restrict the transfer of equity, the author finds out the defects in the further derivation from the theoretical basis, and it also does not conform to the mandatory provisions of the first three paragraphs of Article 72 of the Company Law.It is concluded that the articles of association which restrict the transfer of shares to the extent of prohibiting or disguised prohibiting shareholders from transferring their shares to the outside are invalid.Finally, through the reference of overseas legislation and the views of Chinese scholars, the author puts forward several methods to resolve the conflict between the articles of association and the transfer of shares.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】