我国公司名称权的法律保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 05:05

本文选题：公司名称 + 公司名称权　；参考：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：任何一个公司都应该有自己的名称,就像每一个自然人都有自己的姓名一样。公司名称是公司人格独立和特定化的具体体现,是公司设立登记、从事生产经营活动,并享有权利承担义务的基本条件。由于公司名称对于公司而言具有重要的法律意义,公司名称也上升为公司所拥有的一项重要权利——公司名称权,并受到法律的保护。正是基于以上原因,商品经济起萌较早以及市场经济比较发达的国家很早就开始重视对公司名称权的保护与规范,关于公司名称的保护也比较完备。我国现行的涉及公司名称的法律法规主要有《民法通则》、《公司法》、《反不正当竞争法》、《公司登记管理条例》、《企业法人登记管理条例》、《企业名称登记管理规定》、《企业名称登记管理实施办法》。表面上看来,我国对公司名称权的保护与规范已经形成一个初步的法律框架,但是仔细研究就会发现,在这些法律法规及规章的规定中,对公司名称权的保护大多都只是原则性和程序性的规定,根本无法达到保护公司名称权的目的。此外,当前我国法学界也没有专门研究公司名称权的法律保护问题。由于传统的计划经济体制观念,大多都只研究了企业名称权的法律保护问题,因为公司作为企业形态的一种,当然可以适用企业名称保护的相关规定。但是,就企业名称权法律保护问题的研究也未有一本专著,其它的相关研究也仅有几篇刊登在法学期刊上的学术论文而已。对于与公司名称权密切联系的商号权,学者们虽然也做了一些探讨,但是由于我国学者对企业名称和商号区分的模糊性,对商号权保护的研究也与企业名称权的保护基本雷同。但是不管是对企业名称权还是商号权的研究,学者们对此问题的研究都集中在大的立法和制度框架中,没有深入到具体的权利内容层面上去研究,所以提出的完善建议也缺乏可操作性,这不得不说是一个缺陷。本文在研究此问题时,认为大概的思路应该是：要研究公司名称权的保护,首先应该分析其权利的内容,然后从其作为一项权利在权利内容各个方面存在的保护不足进行探讨并提出建议,真正达到全面保护公司名称权的目的。本文分为五个部分,总计3万4千余字。第一部分对公司名称及公司名称权做了详细的概述。首先介绍了我国立法中及学者们对公司名称的不同称谓,在分析这些称谓的混杂使用后,提出应在公司相关法律领域内统一使用公司名称这个称谓,进而为全面保护公司名称提供一个明确的基本概念。在此基础上,综合公司名称的本质,将公司名称定义为：公司名称是公司依法取得的名称,是公司在从事经营活动时,区别与其他企业的标志性名称,是公司在从事经营行为时所使用的唯一的特定称呼。在界定完公司名称的涵义后,探讨了公司名称的四个特征。即：依法性、营业性、标志性、单一性。其次对公司名称权的涵义、特征及其权利内容做了界定。本文基于前述探讨将公司名称权界定为：公司依法对自己的名称享有设定、取得、使用、变更、转让并排除他人损害的权利,然后探讨了公司名称权的三个特征。为全面保护名称权,将其权利内容界定为五个部分,即设定权、取得权、使用权、变更权、转让权。第二部分从公司名称设定权这一基础的权利内容着手,开始详细探讨公司名称权保护所存在的不足并提出完善建议。首先,对于公司名称设定权,建议立法取消在公司名称中必须冠以行政区划和行业的限制性规定,并建议我国应采取字号+组织形式的名称构成模式。其次,对于公司名称取得权,建议将我国单一的依注册登记取得公司名称权的方式改革为以注册登记取得为主,以在先使用取得为辅的公司名称取得方式；并将禁止混淆原则作为排除公司取得名称权的标准。第三,对于公司名称使用权,本文共提出四点建议,即：1.加强《反不正当竞争法》对公司名称使用权的保护；2.将公司名称权明确为在先权利加以保护；3.立法应明确规定公司名称权的许可使用；4.赋予公司登记机关更改侵权方公司名称的权力。第四,对于公司名称变更权,建议在立法中明确公司名称变更权行使的限定条件,将“特殊原因”的具体情形作出例举；并建议应严格规范上市公司名称变更中的准侵权行为。最后,对于公司名称转让权,建议我国立法允许公司名称权单独转让；并在立法中明确规定公司名称权转让的具体程序和效力。至此,本文主要是通过分析我国立法对公司名称权的各个权利内容保护的不足进而提出初浅的建议,期望本文的研究能对我国立法就改革公司名称权保护的相关规定做出一点贡献。
[Abstract]:Any company should have its own name, just as every natural person has its own name. The name of the company is the specific embodiment of the independence and specialization of the company. It is the basic item for the company to set up a registration, engage in the production and operation activities and enjoy the obligations of the company. In the legal sense, the company name also rises as an important right which the company owns - the company name right, and is protected by the law. It is based on the above reasons that the early commodity economy and the more developed market economy have begun to attach importance to the protection and regulation of the company name rights and the protection of the name of the company. The current laws and regulations concerning the name of the company mainly include the general rules of the civil law, the company law, the law of anti unfair competition, the regulations on the management of corporate registration, the regulations on the management of corporate registration, the regulations on the registration and management of enterprise names, and the measures for the registration and management of enterprise names. Protection and norms have formed a preliminary legal framework, but careful study will find that in the provisions of these laws and regulations and regulations, the protection of the right of the name of the company is mostly only principles and procedural provisions, which can not achieve the purpose of protecting the right of the name of the company at all.
In addition, the legal protection problem of the right of company name is not studied in the legal circle of our country at present. Because of the traditional idea of planned economy system, the legal protection of the name right of enterprise is mostly studied, because the company, as one kind of enterprise form, can be applied to the relevant regulations of the enterprise name protection, but the name of the enterprise is the name of the enterprise. There is not a monograph in the study of the legal protection of rights, and the other related studies have only a few academic papers published in the legal journal. The scholars have also made some discussions on the right of business name which is closely related to the name of the company. But because of the fuzziness of the distinction between the name of the enterprise and the business name of the Chinese scholars, the right to trade names is right. The research of protection is basically the same as the protection of the right of enterprise name. However, whether it is the research on the name right or the right of business name of the enterprise, the scholars' research on this issue is concentrated in the large legislative and institutional framework, and does not go deep into the specific level of the right content, and the proposed perfect suggestions are also lack of operability. In the study of this problem, this paper thinks that the general idea should be: To study the protection of the right of the name of the company, the content of its rights should be analyzed first, and then the protection of the right content in all aspects of the right is discussed and suggestions are put forward to truly achieve the comprehensive protection of the name of the company. The purpose of the right.
This article is divided into five parts, with a total of 30 thousand and 4 thousand words. The first part gives a detailed overview of the name of the company and the name of the company. First, it introduces the different appellations of the name of the company in our country's legislation and the scholars, and after the analysis of the mixed use of these appellations, it is proposed that the name of the company should be used in the legal field of the company. Then it provides a clear basic concept for the comprehensive protection of the company name. On this basis, the company name is defined as: the name of the company is the name obtained by the company according to law. It is the trademark name of the company when it is engaged in business activities, and the company is engaged in the operation of the company. After defining the meaning of the name of the company, after defining the meaning of the company name, it explores the four characteristics of the company's name, namely: Law, business, iconic, singleness. Secondly, the definition of the meaning, characteristics and rights of the company's name is defined. Based on the foregoing discussion, the company's right of name is defined as the company according to law to itself according to law. The name is entitled to set, obtain, use, change, transfer and exclude the rights of others' damage, and then discusses the three characteristics of the right of the name of the company. In order to fully protect the right of name, the right content is defined as five parts, namely, the right to set, the right to obtain, the right to use, the right to change, and the right to transfer.
The second part begins with the right content of the company name setting right, and begins to discuss the shortcomings of the company's name right protection in detail and puts forward some suggestions. First, for the right to set the name of the company, it is suggested that the legislation should be abolished in the name of the company by the restrictive regulations of administrative division and industry, and it is suggested that China should adopt the word. Secondly, for the right to obtain the name of the company, it is suggested that the way of obtaining the right of name of the company in our country is the main way to obtain the name of the company in accordance with the registration and registration, and the way of obtaining the name of the company is obtained by the first use of the company's name, and the principle of prohibiting the confusion is taken as the standard to eliminate the name of the company. Third, for the right to use the name of the company, this article puts forward four suggestions, namely: 1. strengthen the protection of "Anti Unfair Competition Law" to the right to use the name of the company; 2. make the right of company name clear as the first right to protect; 3. legislation should clearly specify the license of the right of company name; 4. give the company registration authority to change the tort company The power of the name. Fourth, for the right to change the name of the company, it is suggested that the limited conditions for the exercise of the right to change the name of the company should be defined in the legislation, and the specific circumstances of the "special cause" should be exemplified; and it is suggested that the quasi tort should be strictly regulated in the name change of the listed company. Finally, the right to transfer the name of the company is suggested to allow the legislation of our country to be allowed. The company's right to name is transferred separately, and the specific procedures and effectiveness of the transfer of the company's name right are clearly stipulated in the legislation.
At this point, this article is mainly through the analysis of the insufficient protection of the rights and contents of the right of company name by the legislation of our country, and then put forward the initial shallow suggestions. It is expected that the study of this article can make a little contribution to the relevant provisions of the legislation of our country to reform the protection of the right of the company name.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【参考文献】