我国董事责任保险制度架构之研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 09:15

本文选题：董事责任保险 + 冲突　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：董事责任保险制度的价值主要在于:(1)有利于保护无辜的董事和高级管理人员抵御不当的赔偿请求;(2)激励有能力的人积极的担任董事和高级管理职务;(3)防止股东的无理诉讼。1激励作用是董事责任保险的最重要的价值。现代公司法为了完善公司的治理结构,逐渐强化公司经营者的个人责任。在现代社会,公司的管理职位,面临巨大的诉讼风险,如果没有有效的激励机制,具有管理才能的人才可能不愿担任公司的董事和高级管理职务。而董事责任保险制度为公司的经营者的职业风险提供了有效的保护。公司购买董事责任保险,可以激励公司的董事和高级管理人员放心努力地工作,从而为公司创造更多的利益。在欧美发达国家,绝大多数的上市公司购买了董事责任保险。而在我国,由于《公司法》和《证券法》等法律法规对董事和高级管理人员承担的义务,规定的并不清晰。所以,我国公司的董事和高级管理人员的法律责任风险不大,即使出现郑百文、银广夏、大庆联谊等案件,公司和高级管理人员也没有都被课以民事赔偿责任。因此,在我国,董事责任保险的需求不大,各界对董事责任保险的研究也不多。2为此,本文将尝试研究我国董事责任保险制度,把研究的焦点对准董事责任保险制度与我国现有法律制度之间的冲突、对立的问题,并通过逐一分析、论证,寻找解决、调和这些冲突的方法和机制,最后为架构一套完善合理的我国董事责任保险制度提出若干建议。本文分四部分。第一部分,介绍了董事责任保险的定义、发展历程、董事责任保险合同的被保险人及被保险人的法律风险。第二部分,分析了我国现有法律制度和董事责任保险制度的冲突。主要有:一、董事责任保险制度,把董事的赔偿责任,转由保险公司承担,相应减轻了董事个人的赔偿责任。这样,董事责任保险具备的分散董事责任的功能,和民事责任理论中的抑制违法行为的功能,产生了冲突。二、公司法中没有规定如何衡量注意义务的履行标准,而且,现行公司法也没有列举违反董事注意义务的情形,也没有规定违反董事注意义务的法律后果。三、董事责任保险对于董事的过失行为导致的责任的承保范围,和现行《证券法》的规定,是不一致的。董事的过错行为,包括重大过失、一般过失,董事责任保险承保的,只是其中的一般过失。对于重大过失,保险公司是不承保的。第三部分,尝试讨论了为了调和法律制度的冲突,应该采取的措施:一、设计董事责任保险承保的民事责任,要兼顾民事责任制度的违法抑制功能和董事责任保险制度的保险职能。必须调和董事责任保险和我国现行民事法律制度的冲突问题。董事责任保险承保的应该只是董事因为过失而承担的民事责任,对于董事的违法行为,是不承保的。这样设计,既体现了民事责任的违法抑制功能,同时也分散了董事过失行为的民事责任。二、以后修改公司法时,建议详细规定如何界定董事的注意义务,这是最彻底的方法。在目前没有修改公司法的情况下,可以建议公司在制定公司章程时,在公司章程中约定董事的注意义务。三、建议以后修改《证券法》时,对其中的推定过错,进行界定,区分一般过失和重大过失。由董事责任保险承保其中的一般过失行为导致的民事赔偿责任。或者,在董事责任保险的条款中做特别规定,董事责任保险对董事的违反证券法的哪些行为导致的责任进行赔偿,对董事的违反证券法的哪些行为导致的责任不赔偿。第四部分,提出了关于我国董事责任保险制度的建议:一、扩大承保范围。我国目前董事责任保险发展处于起步阶段,应该适当扩大承保范围,应该承保董事的重大过失行为导致的赔偿责任。只有根据我国现实,变更承保范围,才能吸引市场需求,发展董事责任保险。二、界定除外范围。险公司提供的董事责任保险中一般约定,违法的不当行为、欺诈行为、明知故犯的恶意行为,和违反法律规定的行为,都属于董事责任保险的除外范围,在任何情况下,保险公司都不予承保。三、引进责任限额、自负额和保费支付比例的规定。四、保险法的最大诚信原则,要求投保人具有告知义务,投保人、被保险人具有通知义务。保险公司有义务向被保险人详细说明保险条款的内容和含义,尤其应当详细说明保险条款中的保险人的除外责任,以及投保人的告知义务,投保人、被保险人的通知义务等内容。五、引进公司补偿制度。公司补偿制度,对于董事和高级管理人员对他人所应当承担的个人赔偿责任,可以提供一定的资金支持。
[Abstract]:The value of the liability insurance system of directors mainly lies in: (1) it is beneficial to protect the innocent directors and senior managers against improper claims; (2) to motivate the competent people to actively serve as directors and senior management posts; (3) the most important value of the director's liability insurance is to prevent the irrational litigation.1 incentive for shareholders. In order to improve the corporate governance structure, the individual responsibility of the company operators is gradually strengthened. In modern society, the management positions of the company are faced with huge litigation risks. If there is no effective incentive mechanism, the talents with management ability may not be willing to serve as directors and senior management positions of the company. The occupational risk of the operator provides an effective protection. The company's purchase of directors' liability insurance can encourage the directors and senior managers of the company to work hard and create more benefits for the company. In the developed countries in Europe and America, the vast majority of the listed companies have purchased the liability insurance of the directors. The obligations of the securities law and other laws and regulations to the directors and senior managers are not clear. Therefore, the legal liability of the directors and senior managers of our company is not very risky. Even if Zheng Baiwen, silver Guangxia, Daqing friendship and other cases appear, the company and senior management personnel are not subject to civil liability. Therefore, In our country, the demand for the liability insurance of the directors is not large, and the research on the liability insurance of the directors is not much.2. This article will try to study the liability insurance system of the directors in our country and focus the research on the conflict between the director's liability insurance system and the existing legal system in our country. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for building a sound and reasonable system of directors' liability insurance in China.
This article is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the definition of the liability insurance of the director, the course of development, the legal risk of the insured and the insured of the liability insurance contract of the director.
The second part analyzes the conflict between the existing legal system and the liability insurance system of the directors in China. The main factors are: the first, the liability insurance system of the director, the liability of the directors, the liability of the insurance company and the compensation liability of the directors. Two, the company law does not specify how to measure the performance standards of the duty of attention, and the current company law does not enumerate the circumstances that violate the directors' duty of attention, nor does it stipulate the legal consequences of violating the directors' duty of attention. (three) the director's liability insurance is caused by the negligence of the director. The liability coverage of the liability is inconsistent with the provisions of the current securities law. The director's fault, including major negligence, general negligence, and the insurance of the director's liability insurance, is only the general negligence. For major negligence, the insurance company is not insured.
In the third part, we try to discuss the measures that should be taken to reconcile the conflict of the legal system: first, to design the civil liability of the liability insurance of the directors' liability insurance, to take into account the illegal restraining function of the civil liability system and the insurance function of the director's liability insurance system, and to reconcile the conflict between the liability insurance of the director and the current civil law system in China. The liability insurance of the director's liability insurance should be only the civil liability for the negligence of the director and the unlawful act of the director. This design not only embodies the illegal restraining function of the civil liability, but also disperses the civil liability of the director's negligent behavior. Two, when the company law is amended later, it is suggested to specify in detail how It is the most thorough method to define the duty of attention of the director. In the case of no revision of the company law at present, it may be suggested that the company stipulate the duty of attention of the directors in the articles of association when making the articles of association. Three, when it is suggested to amend the securities law later, the presumption is wrong, and the general negligence and major negligence are distinguished. The liability insurance of the director's liability insurance covers the civil liability for general negligence. Or, in the provisions of the liability insurance of the director, the director's liability insurance is compensated for the liability of the director in violation of the acts of the securities law and the liability of the director in violation of the Securities Law.
In the fourth part, the suggestions on the insurance system of directors' liability in China are put forward: first, to expand the scope of insurance. The current development of the liability insurance of directors in our country is in the initial stage. It should expand the scope of the insurance, and should cover the liability caused by the major negligence behavior of the director. Only according to the reality of our country, the scope of the insurance will be changed to attract the city. Field demand, the development of director liability insurance. Two, define the exception. The general agreement in the liability insurance provided by a risk company, illegal misconduct, fraudulent behavior, malicious behavior, and violations of the law are all excluded from the liability insurance of the director. In any case, the insurance company will not undercover. Three, Four, the maximum honesty principle of the insurance law requires the insured to have the obligation to inform, the insured and the insured have the obligation of notice. The insurance company is obliged to specify the content and the meaning of the insurance clause to the insured, especially the insurer in the insurance clause. The liability for exception, the informing obligation of the applicant, the applicant and the notification obligation of the insured. Five, the introduction of the company compensation system. The company compensation system can provide certain financial support to the directors and senior managers for individual liability for others.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D922.287

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