论我国的公司法人人格否认制度

发布时间：2018-06-06 17:48

本文选题：公司 + 人格否认　；参考：《安徽大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司制度的确立推动了经济的迅猛发展,公司制度的经济法律功能及在现实生活中的作用促进了公司的大量出现。在支撑现代市场经济的法律制度中,公司法人制度无疑是中流砥柱,公司法人制度的三大支柱:公司的财产与股东财产相分离、公司具有独立的人格和股东承担有限责任,有力地促进了交易富有效率的进行和产权流转的增值。但是公司法人人格独立和股东有限责任原则作为公司法人人格制度的两大基石,在公司法中起着“双刃剑”作用。人们在充分追求经济价值的同时,在产权流转过程中,公平、正义等伦理价值被不同程度地受到忽视。传统的公司法在突出对股东的有限保护时,忽略了对债权人的保护,大股东把持董事会,为董事滥用公司的法人人格提供了机会。规避法律、契约义务等现象随之出现,尤其在市场经济不完善的国家或地区居多,由于追求资本积累的愿望强烈,市场交易规则不完善,市场信用高度缺乏,导致市场交易主体铤而走险,滥用公司人格,公司法人人格时刻存在着变异的动因。为了防止公司法人人格的滥用造成混乱,保护债权人和小股东以及社会公共利益,确保交易的顺利进行,在不撤销公司的情况下,法院为了弄清公司在法律后面的现实,把公司的独立人格丢在一边,要求背后的股东对债权人负直接责任,这就是公司法人人格之否认。这种理论在英美法中称“揭开公司面纱”,在大陆法中称“直索”责任,三词在本文中为同义语。在正常情况下,公司的财产独立、责任独立,而且财产独立是责任独立的前提和基础,公司通过这层“面纱”保护股东免受债权人追索。但为避免股东滥用公司形态以逃避法律或契约义务,当公司资本不足及股东对公司进行非法或过度控制时,“揭开公司的面纱”直接向公司股东追索是必要的。这一做法不必导致公司破产,公司的破产是公司法人人格的终止,公司法人人格否认只是于一时一事无视公司与股东的独立人格,揭开公司面纱,让公司背后的股东站到前台,直接承担连带清偿责任,案件审理完毕,经过整顿,公司人格尚存。不仅保障了交易,而且大大降低了社会成本,是一种用权力救济权力,是对失
[Abstract]:The establishment of the company system has promoted the rapid development of the economy, the economic and legal functions of the company system and its role in real life have promoted the emergence of a large number of companies. In the legal system supporting the modern market economy, the corporate system is undoubtedly the mainstay, the three pillars of the corporate system: the company's property is separated from the shareholder's property, the company has an independent personality and the shareholders bear limited liability. It can promote the efficiency of transaction and the value of property right circulation. However, the principle of corporate personality independence and shareholder limited liability, as two cornerstones of corporate personality system, play a "double-edged sword" role in company law. While people are fully pursuing economic value, in the process of property right circulation, the ethical values such as fairness and justice are ignored to some extent. Ignoring the protection of creditors, the majority shareholder controls the board of directors, which provides the opportunity for directors to abuse the corporate personality of the company. The phenomena of circumvention of law and contractual obligation appear, especially in the countries or regions where the market economy is not perfect, because of the strong desire to pursue capital accumulation, the imperfect rules of market transaction, and the high lack of market credit. As a result, the main body of market trade takes the risk, abuses the corporate personality, and the personality of the corporate exists the cause of variation at all times. In order to prevent the abuse of corporate personality from causing confusion, to protect creditors and minority shareholders and the public interest, and to ensure the smooth conduct of the transaction, the court, without revoking the company, sought to ascertain the reality of the company behind the law, It is the denial of corporate personality that the independent personality of the company is left aside and the shareholders behind are held directly responsible to the creditors. This theory is referred to as "lifting the veil of company" in British and American law, and "straight claim" in civil law. In this article, the three words are synonymous. Under normal circumstances, the company's property is independent and its responsibility is independent. And property independence is the premise and foundation of liability independence, through which companies protect shareholders from creditor claims. However, in order to avoid the shareholders abusing the corporate form to avoid the legal or contractual obligations, it is necessary to "uncover the veil of the company" directly from the shareholders when the company has insufficient capital and the shareholders illegally or excessively control the company. This practice does not have to lead to the bankruptcy of the company. The bankruptcy of the company is the end of the corporate personality. The denial of corporate personality is just a matter of a moment, ignoring the independent personality of the company and the shareholders, lifting the veil of the company, and allowing the shareholders behind the company to stand in the foreground. Bear joint and several liabilities directly, the case is completed, after rectification, the company's personality remains. It not only guarantees the transaction, but also greatly reduces the social cost. It is a kind of power relief, which is the right to lose.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】