外部逆向公司法人人格否认制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 22:42

本文选题：法人人格否认 + 外部逆向否认　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司的法律结构使得股东尤其是控股股东拥有对公司的实际控制权,当法律约束不足时,股东很有可能滥用这种控制权,即公司股东滥用公司独立人格和股东有限责任将投资和经营风险转移给外部债权人,甚至发生股东为逃债而转移资产去成立公司,将其资产以投资或者转投资方式转移至公司名下等问题。如何通过公司法上的制度安排,既保障外部债权人合法债权的有效实现,又不影响公司制度的稳定性,实现公司制对市场经济促进作用的最大化,已成为各国公司法立法中必须考虑的重要问题之一,也是本文写作的主旨。本文第一部分以公司法人人格否认基本理论为基础,从介绍法人人格否认的法理原则入手,运用比较研究的方法对两种通说的法人人格否认类型进行分析比较,发现不论是在司法实践层面还是在公司法理论层面,外部逆向法人人格否认都更加符合我国的客观情况,因此将主要研究对象锁定在"外部逆向法人人格否认"层面上。第二部分则通过进一步分析三项(债权人撤销权制度、代位权制度及股权强制执行制度)与逆向法人人格否认制度密切相关的制度指出只有在用尽常规法律救济措施仍无法实现相关利益的平衡时,才可以逆向否认法人人格。同时分析指出外部逆向法人人格否认具有其他制度不可替代的直接有效性。第三部分分别从主体、主观、客观三个方面全面分析了逆向法人人格否认的适用要件,明确提起逆向否认之诉的原告须是"外部人"并对被告的范围进行了详细界定。在客观方面要求滥权股东实质上实施了法人滥用(典型表现为:资产混同和过度控制)并因此损害了外部债权人的债权,在主观方面须以主观见之于客观的方式判定行为人具有逃避债务之故意。第四部分则探讨了逆向否认诉讼中的举证责任,指出在特定情形下适用举证责任倒置从而更有利于保障外部权利人的债权有效实现。
[Abstract]:The legal structure of the company makes the shareholders, especially the controlling shareholders, have the actual control of the company. When the legal constraints are insufficient, the shareholders are likely to abuse the control. That is, the shareholders abused the independent personality of the company and the limited liability of the shareholders to transfer the investment and operation risks to the external creditors, and even the shareholders transfer the debt to escape debt. To establish a company and transfer its assets to the name of the company, the assets of the company are transferred to the company's name and other issues. How to realize the effective realization of the legal creditor's right of the external creditors through the institutional arrangement of the company law, without affecting the stability of the company system, and realizing the maximization of the role of the company system to the market economy, has become a public public. The first part of this paper is based on the basic theory of the denial of corporate personality, the first part of this paper, starting with the introduction of the legal principle of legal personality denial, compares the two kinds of legal person denial types by comparative study, and finds that no matter it is in the case of the legal person's personality denial. The judicial practice level is still in the company law theory level, the external reverse legal person personality denial is more in line with the objective situation of our country, so the main research object is locked in the "external reverse legal person personality denial" level. The second part is through further analysis of three items (creditor's right of revocation system, subrogation right system and equity enforcement) The system, which is closely related to the reverse legal person personality denial system, points out that only when the use of conventional legal relief measures is still unable to achieve the balance of relevant interests can the legal personality be denied. At the same time, it is pointed out that the denial of the personality of the external reverse legal person has the irreplaceable and direct validity of the other system. The third part The subject, subjective and objective three aspects comprehensively analyze the applicable conditions of the denial of the personality of the reverse legal person. The plaintiff of the reverse denial of the complaint must be a "external person" and a detailed definition of the scope of the defendant. The fourth part discusses the burden of proof in the case of reverse denial, and points out that the application of the inversion of the burden of proof under certain circumstances is more conducive to the guarantee of the validity of the external rights holders. Realization.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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