论打破公司僵局的非诉讼制度

发布时间：2018-06-27 23:27

本文选题：公司僵局 + 非诉讼制度　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司僵局问题在公司运转过程中是极有可能出现的状况,尤其是有限责任公司,因其具有封闭性和人合性越发容易出现。一旦公司陷入僵局,就如同电脑死机一样,任何操作都失去了意义。不仅导致公司的损失、股东期待利益的落空,而且会损害债权人和社会的利益。为了及时打破公司僵局,减轻僵局带来的危害,本文提出了解决公司僵局的非诉讼救济制度。文章共分为四部分:第一部分通过"凯莱僵局"案引出公司僵局的一般表现,通过对国内外专家学者关于公司僵局概念的研究,笔者阐述了公司僵局的界定。文章紧接着描述了公司僵局的特征、分类及成因。笔者认为导致公司产生僵局的原因多种多样,最主要的可以概括为以下几点:股东利益趋向不同是根本性因素,公司的民主决策制度是基础性因素,资本维持制度和封闭性是固有因素。第二部分则是研究了非诉讼救济制度的必要性,分为两个方面:其一是司法救济存在缺陷,在用司法救济方式解决公司僵局时存在着诉讼程序启动难,周期长,程序复杂,缺乏替代性救济方式,诉讼解散成本高且会破坏股东的"本意"等问题;其二是非诉讼救济制度具有优越性,成本低、适应性强,而且非诉讼救济具有自主性,方式灵活多样,有利于僵局的解决。第三部分论证了非诉讼救济制度的可行性,指出非诉讼救济是以法律为依据,如《公司法》182条、《公司法解释(二)》第5条等为采用非诉讼方式打破公司僵局提供了法律支持。文章接着阐述了非诉讼救济制度有着浓厚的文化渊源和广泛的社会实践基础,切实可行。第四部分重点阐明了打破公司僵局的非诉解决机制,第一种机制是第三方介入,其一是调解。重点论述了调解的优缺点,提出成立行业调解委员会,建立司法确认制度解决非诉制度缺乏强制力问题。其二是仲裁,仲裁因其高效性、权威性、保密性等优势而适用于公司僵局的解决。由于调解和仲裁各有其优势和不足,并且二者形成互补,若将二者结合可以产生更大的效益,于是产生第二种解决机制—复合型解决方式,即仲裁和调解的有机结合。第三种解决机制尊重和遵守公司章程意思自治,运用公司章程进行事先预防和事后救济。章程在公司中具有宪法性地位须对公司僵局预防和处理作出相应的规范。
[Abstract]:The problem of corporate deadlock is very likely to occur in the process of corporate operation, especially for limited liability companies, because of its closed and human nature is more and more easy to appear. Once the company is stuck, like a computer crash, any operation is meaningless. It not only leads to the loss of the company, but also damages the interests of creditors and society. In order to break the corporate deadlock in time and reduce the harm brought by the deadlock, this paper puts forward the non-litigation relief system to solve the corporate deadlock. The article is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the general performance of corporate deadlock through the case of "Calais deadlock", through the study of experts and scholars at home and abroad on the concept of corporate deadlock, the author expounds the definition of corporate deadlock. The article then describes the characteristics, classification and causes of corporate deadlock. The author thinks that there are various reasons for the deadlock of the company, the main reasons can be summarized as follows: the difference of shareholders' interests is the fundamental factor, and the democratic decision-making system of the company is the basic factor. Capital maintenance system and closure are inherent factors. The second part is to study the necessity of non-litigation relief system, which is divided into two aspects: the first is the defects of judicial relief. The lack of alternative relief means, the high cost of litigation dissolution and the destruction of shareholders'"original intention", the other is that non-litigation relief system has advantages, low cost, strong adaptability, and non-litigation relief has autonomy, flexible and diverse ways. A solution to the deadlock. The third part demonstrates the feasibility of non-litigation relief system, and points out that non-litigation relief is based on law, such as Article 182 of Company Law, Article 5 of Company Law interpretation (2), etc. The article then expounds that the non-litigation relief system has a strong cultural origin and a wide social practice foundation, which is feasible and feasible. The fourth part focuses on the non-litigation settlement mechanism to break the deadlock of the company. The first mechanism is the intervention of third parties and the first is mediation. This paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of mediation, and puts forward the establishment of industry mediation committee and the establishment of judicial confirmation system to solve the problem of lack of compulsory power in non-litigation system. The other is arbitration, which is applicable to the settlement of corporate deadlock because of its high efficiency, authority and confidentiality. Because mediation and arbitration have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they complement each other, if they are combined, they can produce more benefits, so the second kind of solution mechanism-compound solution, that is, the organic combination of arbitration and mediation is produced. The third kind of settlement mechanism respects and obeys the autonomy of the meaning of the articles of association, and uses the articles of association to carry on the advance prevention and the afterwards relief. Articles of association have constitutional status in the company must make the corresponding norm to prevent and deal with the deadlock of the company.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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