商事格式条款司法实务问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 05:17

本文关键词： 商主体格式条款免责条款效力认定　出处：《内蒙古大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着商业的高速发展,合同已经被越来越广泛地应用于现代社会经济生活的各个领域,尤其在商务活动中,合同更是成为了交易活动的重要纽带,在一些具有共性的交易活动中,共性内容被归纳出来供当事人遵循,此类被归纳出来供当事人共同遵循的条款即成为格式条款。格式条款则是在适应当今社会形势、提高交易效率、降低交易风险等方面做出了很大的贡献。但是,格式条款是存在于一方当事人事先拟定的合同中,在狭义民事主体之间的合同中,时常会存在一些偏向于制定合同制定一方的不公平的条款,处于弱势地位的合同一方当事人由于无从选择,被迫接受另一方“不公平条款”,最终可能使合同的效力归为无效,如与商主体之间订立的合同中出现格式条款相比较,商事格式条款表面上看起来存在对一定的不公平,破坏了契约自由、意思自治,但商主体订立合同是为了追求利益,订立合同时不存在任何强势与弱势的区分,但合同发生争议时,是否就应当因格式条款的存在同样将合同认定为,危害了民法的基本原则和私法精神,合同无效。我国《合同法》及司法解释对格式条款进行规范化的目的在于,充分保护格式条款适应市场经济、提高交易效率、降低风险的长处,同时也限制格式条款不适应市场经济、容易导致合同中权利和义务失衡的弊端。但是对于商事格式条款问题我国现行法律规范不足,笔者将通过笔者协办的真实案例对“商主体之间签订的合同中的格式条款”的理论、内容、学者不同观点等进行分析,并与其他国家关于格式条款的规定进行比较,提出笔者在我国现行民法制度、交易习惯下完善关于商事格式条款的建议,希望能够实现理论与实践的结合,使格式条款在实践中,能够更好的发挥其价值和功能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of business, contracts have been more and more widely used in various fields of modern social and economic life, especially in business activities, contracts have become an important link of trading activities. In some common transaction activities, the common contents are summed up for the parties to follow, and this kind of clauses which are summed up for the parties to follow together become the format clauses. The format clauses are adapted to the current social situation. However, the form clause exists in the contract drawn up in advance by one party, and in the contract between civil subjects in the narrow sense. There are often unfair clauses in favour of the contracting party. Because one of the parties in a weak position has no choice, they are forced to accept the other party's "unfair clause", which may render the validity of the contract null and void. Compared with the form clause in the contract concluded between the commercial subjects, the commercial form clause appears to be unfair to some extent, which destroys the freedom of the contract and autonomy of the will, but the commercial subject concludes the contract for the pursuit of interests. When concluding a contract, there is no distinction between the strong and the weak, but when the contract is disputed, the contract should be regarded as the same because of the existence of the form clause, which endangers the basic principles of civil law and the spirit of private law, and the contract is invalid. The purpose of our country's contract Law and judicial interpretation is to fully protect the format clause to adapt to the market economy, to improve the transaction efficiency, to reduce the advantages of risk, but also to restrict the format clause from adapting to the market economy. It is easy to lead to the malpractice of the imbalance of rights and obligations in the contract. The author will analyze the theory, content and different viewpoints of the format clauses in the contract signed between the commercial subjects through the real cases co-organized by the author, and compare them with the provisions of other countries on the format clauses. The author puts forward the suggestion of perfecting the commercial format clause under the current civil law system and trading habit in our country, hoping to realize the combination of theory and practice, so that the format clause can play its value and function better in practice.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6;D926

【参考文献】