论融资租赁合同出租人权利保护

发布时间：2018-02-26 07:16

本文关键词： 融资租赁合同出租人权能分离租赁物登记　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：融资租赁是伴随着市场经济发展而产生的新型交易形式。自从上个世纪80年代初融资租赁制度引入我国市场以来,得到了迅速的发展。由于其具有强大的融资功能,逐步发展成为继在银行贷款后的第二大融资方式。本文首先分析三方当事人在融资租赁法律关系中所享有的权利以及负担的义务。融资租赁合同关系涉及三方当事人,即供货人、出租人、承租人,两个合同,即买卖合同和租赁合同。出租人作为融资租赁合同的当事人之一,是两个合同的参与者,负担双重义务,其权利也容易在融资租赁交易中受到损害。融资租赁法律关系中这种权利义务关系的特点是出租人享有租赁物所有权,所有权权能分离。正是由于这种权能分离使出租人的权利易受到损害。所有权权能分离导致了出租人本应是物权人而实际上是债权人,出租人享有的支配权实质上是一种请求权。其次本文具体分析出租人权利受损的情形,其中包括承租人违约、出卖人违约、租赁物物权变动、承租人破产等。总的来说,出租人在融资租赁法律关系中做的贡献最大,而受到的保护最小。因此保护出租人权利显得尤为重要,它可以维护交易安全,促进经济发展,使闲置资金得到充分运用。由于融资租赁的法律关系构成的复杂化,导致了救济方法的多样化。本文最后分析了关于融资租赁合同立法现状并指出其在保护出租人权利方面的不足。提出了保护出租人权利的立法建议,如建立完善的融资租赁登记制度,完善取回权制度等建议。本文除去引言和结论外,共分为四个部分,文章结构如下：第一部分主要是从民商法的角度对融资租赁合同法律关系的分析。文章详尽分析了融资租赁合同中的主体、客体、内容和权利义务关系。融资租赁合同法律关系涉及三方主体(供货人、出租人和承租人)、两个合同(买卖合同和租赁合同)的特殊法律关系,三方当事人间权利和义务不是两两对应,而是相互交错。一方当事人享有权利而对第三方当事人负有义务,而不是对取得权利方负担义务。相对于供货人与承租人,出租人在融资租赁合同法律关系中所负的义务多,风险大。第二部分对出租人权利状况进行具体分析。笔者认为出租人权利易受到损害的根本原因是出租人对于租赁物的所有权权能分离。权能分离导致了出租人本应是物权人而实际上是债权人,出租人享有的支配权实质上是一种请求权。之后,本文对出租人权利可能受到损害而的状况进行了一一列举与分析,其中包括出卖人违约、承租人违约、租赁物物权变动、承租人破产。第三部分是针对第二部分所列举的出租人权利受到损害的情形,寻找其救济方法。由于融资租赁法律关系构成的复杂化,导致了救济方法的多元化。这些救济方法有些来自于《合同法》、《破产法》等国内法律规定,也有些是来自于《国际融资租赁公约》等国际条约中的相关规定。第四部分笔者针对我国关于融资租赁的立法现状中的不足提出了完善融资租赁法,尤其是保护出租人权利的立法建议。通过分析,认为我国有关融资租赁的立法不完善,更不要说保护出租人权利。因此,笔者提出了完善租赁物登记制度和取回权制度的立法建议,希望能更好的保护出租人的权利、维护融资租赁市场秩序、维护交易安全。还需要强调的是,由于融资租赁法律关系具有复杂性,法律规定再完善也只是给出了一些概括性的规定。而具体到个案法律关系应该区别对待。
[Abstract]:Financial leasing is a new form of trading with the market economy developed. Since the last century since the beginning of 80s financial leasing system into the market of our country, has been developing rapidly. Because of its powerful financing function, gradually become the second largest financing in bank loans. This paper first analyzes the three parties enjoy in the financing lease of the legal relationship of rights and obligations. The financing lease contract between the three parties involved, namely the supplier, the lessor and the lessee, two contracts, namely the sale contract or lease contract. The lessor as one of the financial leasing contract is a contract, two of the participants, the burden of double duty, their rights are also vulnerable to damage in the financial leasing transaction. Characteristics of this right in the legal relation of financing lease obligations of the lessor enjoy leasehold ownership, The separation of ownership. It is because of this power separation makes the lessor's rights vulnerable. The separation of ownership leads to the lessor should be the property and the creditor is actually, the lessor enjoys domination is essentially a claim. Secondly, this paper makes a concrete analysis of rental rights are damaged, including the default by the lessee, the seller for breach of contract, lease of property changes, the bankruptcy of the lessee. In general, the lessor in the financial leasing legal relationship made the greatest contribution, and the minimum protection. So right it is particularly important to protect the lessor, it can maintain the security of transactions, promote economic development, so that the idle funds are make full use of. Because of complicated legalrelationship of financial leasing, led to the diversification of relief methods. Finally the paper discusses about the financing lease contract and points out the legislative status quo in The protection of lessor's rights is inadequate. The legislative proposals for the protection of lessor's rights are put forward, such as establishing a perfect financial leasing registration system and improving the recall system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into four parts.
The first part is the analysis of legal relations of the financing lease contract from the perspective of civil law. The paper analyzes in detail the main financing lease contract object, content and relationship between rights and obligations. Financing lease contract involves three parties (the supplier, the lessor and the lessee), two contract (the contract of sale and the lease contract) the special legal relationship between the parties, the three party rights and obligations is not 22 corresponding, but overlapping. One party enjoys the rights and obligations of the third parties, and not to get right obligation. With respect to the supplier and lessee, lessor liable in the financing lease contract the obligation, the risk is big.
The second part makes a detailed analysis on the status of rights of the lessor. The author thinks that the fundamental reason for human rights vulnerable is the lessor for the lease of the separation of ownership rights. The lessor should lead to separation is the right person and the creditor is actually, the lessor enjoys domination is essentially a right of claim., were enumerated and analyzed in this paper may damage to the rights of the lessor's status, including the seller default, the default by the lessee, the lease of property changes, the bankruptcy of the lessee.
The third part is outlined in the second part of the rights of the lessor compromised situation, looking for the relief method. Due to the complex composition of the legal relation of financing lease, which causes the diversification of remedies. These remedies some from < contract law > >, < the bankruptcy law of the law, and some related the provisions from the < International Financial Leasing Convention "and other international treaties.
In the fourth part, aiming at the shortage of current legislation on financial leasing in put forward to perfect the financing lease law, especially the legislative proposals to protect the rights of the lessor. Through the analysis, think about China's financial leasing legislation is not perfect, not to mention the protection of the rights of the lessor. Therefore, the author puts forward the legislative suggestion of perfecting the leasehold the registration system and recall system, to protect the lessor can better maintain the rights of financial leasing market order, safeguarding the security of transactions. It needs to be stressed is that due to the financial leasing legal relationship is complicated, and perfect law only gives some general rules and specific to the case. The legal relationship should be treated differently.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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