信托受托人忠实义务研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:00

本文选题：信托　切入点：信托受托人　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信托受托人义务是信托制度的重要部分,信义义务是受托人义务的核心,而受托人忠实义务则是信义义务的核心。全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过的《中华人民共和国信托法》(下文简称《信托法》)并没有直接使用"忠实义务"这一名词,但是从我国《信托法》相关法条规定的内容来看,信托受托人忠实义务制度在我国《信托法》中还是有迹可循的。关于受托人忠实义务的规定主要体现在《信托法》的第25条、第26条、第27条和第28条。其中,第25条和26条是对我国信托受托人忠实义务基本内涵的定义,可概括为"最大利益原则"和"不得利用信托财产谋利"两个方面。第27条和28条是对受托人忠实义务内容的一些具体规定。除了《信托法》外,《信托公司管理办法》第24条、第25条、第33条和第34条也对受托人忠实义务进行了规制。但是,因为我国是成文法国家,不能像英美法系国家一样适用判例作为判决的依据,且对受托人忠实义务的规制过于粗糙,存在法律上的漏洞,导致信托受托人违背忠实义务侵害信托财产时有发生,而利益相关方在信托法领域却找不到相对应的法律依据去提起诉讼维护自身利益。从我国的信托实践发展来看,我国《信托法》主要存在以下三大点问题:一是忠实义务的基本内涵不全,缺少对利益冲突原则的概括性规定;二是关于忠实义务的具体判断标准不具体,虽然我国是成文法不能做到对每一种情形都做出具体的规定,但是也不能过于简略,甚至出现法律上的空白。比如,我国《信托法》对受托人利用信托机会获利没有规制,关联交易的适用范围狭窄,受托人与受益人进行的与信托财产无关的交易也缺少必要的规制;三是受托人违反忠实义务的责任追究制度不完善,虽然我国《信托法》中有规定受托人违反信托义务应该承担责任,但是关于请求权的行使主体、方式和具体金额如何确定等都没有具体且可直接适用的规定。我国信托制度移植于英美法系,在发展过程中存在诸多与我国法律体系不相适应的地方,信托受托人忠实义务制度存在的一系列问题也是我国信托制度实践中存在的问题的缩影,制度的不完善导致我国信托纠纷大多依照合同法规则来解决,《信托法》名存实亡,信托立法与我国蓬勃发展的信托业严重不匹配,虽然现在看起来是信托业是蒸蒸日上,但是,缺少法律制度支撑的信托业,终究是昙花一现。《信托法》已出台15年之久,是时候加强在信托业发展方面的立法,我国信托受托人忠实义务制度是保护信托财产免受侵害的重要制度,通过学习英美法系等相关国家的信托法理念和相关制度,再借鉴大陆法系国家较早引进信托制度的发展经验,提出符合我国信托发展实践的建议,以完善信托受托人忠实义务具体内容和明晰评判标准。另外,对受托人违反忠实义务应具体承担什么类型的责任,救济权的归属,证明责任的分配以及损害赔偿金额等问题做出解答,构建出与忠实义务标准体系相辅相成的忠实义务责任体系。
[Abstract]:The trustee obligation is an important part of the trust system, fiduciary duty is the core obligation of the trustee, the trustee and the duty of loyalty is the core of the fiduciary duty. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "People's Republic of China Trust Law (hereinafter referred to as < > > and there is no direct use of the trust law)" fiduciary duty "the term, but from our" Trust Law > the relevant legal provisions of the content, the system of trustee's duty of loyalty or a pattern in our country < > in the trust law. Provisions on the trustee's duty of loyalty is mainly embodied in the "twenty-fifth law", trust twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth. Among them, twenty-fifth and the 26 is defined on the trustee's duty of loyalty in China's basic connotation, can be summarized as "best interests principle" and "not to take advantage of the trust property from two aspects. The twenty-seventh and 28 of the trustee in the duty of loyalty Some specific provisions of the content. Besides "the trust law >, < trust management practices > twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, thirty-third and thirty-fourth of the trustee fiduciary duty under regulation. However, because China is a civil law country, not as common law countries as the case as a judgment basis, and the regulation of the trustee's duty of loyalty is too rough, there is a loophole in the law, leading to the trustee violates the duty of loyalty against the trust property have occurred, and the stakeholders in the field of law but can not find the corresponding legal basis to safeguard their own interests. A lawsuit from the trust practice development of our country, I the < > trust law mainly has the following three problems: one is the basic connotation of the duty of loyalty is not complete, lack of general provisions on the principle of conflict of interest; the two is the specific criteria on the duty of loyalty is not specific, although China Is the statute do not make specific provisions on each kind of situation, but also cannot be too simple, or even gaps in the law. For example, China's "Trust Law > profit no regulation of the trustee trust by chance, the scope of related party transactions is narrow, trustee and beneficiary of the trust property has nothing to do with the transaction also lacks the necessary regulation; three is the trustee for breach of the duty of loyalty of the accountability system is not perfect, although the provisions of the trustee should bear the responsibility of breach of fiduciary duty in our country" trust law ", but on the request of the exercise of the right subject, and how to determine the specific amount of specific provisions and are not directly applicable. Transplantation of China's trust in the common law, the legal system of our country and there are many places that do not suit in the development process, a series of existing system of trustee's duty of loyalty of the problem Is a microcosm of China's trust system existing problems in practice, defects in the system of trust disputes in China are mostly in accordance with the rules of contract law to solve the "trust law, trust law > only, and China's vigorous development of the trust industry does not match the serious, although it now looks like the trust industry is on the upgrade, but the lack of legal support system the trust industry, it is the trust law has been introduced. < > flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum for 15 years, it is time to strengthen the development of trust in the legislation system of trustee of China's duty of loyalty is an important system to protect the trust property from infringement, through the relevant national legal ideas such as Anglo American law and related systems, and then learn from the development experience civil law countries earlier introduced the trust system, which meet the trust development practice in our country, in order to improve the trustee's duty of loyalty the specific content and clarity In addition, we should give specific answers to the trustees' breach of duty of loyalty, what types of responsibilities they should undertake, the assignment of the right to remedies, the distribution of the burden of proof and the amount of damages, so as to build a loyal duty responsibility system that is complementary to the standard system of loyalty obligation.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.282

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