利他合同第三人履约请求权探讨

发布时间：2018-06-08 21:17

本文选题：利他合同 + 第三人　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：合同是合同双方当事人之间的特殊约定，从其出现之日起便坚守着相对性这一原则。但是，随着社会经济的不断发展，合同关系也变得越来越复杂，不仅涉及合同双方，与合同相关的第三人也参与到合同关系中，利他合同开始出现并在社会经济生活中被反复应用。那么作为合同双方以外的第三人是否能够在债务人不履行合同约定的义务或履行不适当时获得履约请求权来保障自己的利益免遭损失呢？对这一问题不论是大陆法系还是英美法系都已经明确规定第三人的履约请求权。相比之下，我国的《合同法》对这一问题却并没有做出明确的规定。由于具体法律的缺失，在司法实践中处理类似案件时,便出现了因对法律规定理解不同而导致的各种不同判决，确有必要进行进一步的研究和明确。本文从实践中的真实案例出发，以第三人的履约请求权为中心，通过比较研究法、法解释学等研究方法，对利他合同及第三人履约请求权的相关理论知识进行了界定和梳理。进而在此基础上对案例处理进行了分析，最后针对案件分析时所暴露的法律漏洞提出自己的见解。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分，提出问题。首先，介绍文章所要分析的案件的基本情况和法院的判决，其次，指出本案的争议焦点。第二部分，针对各方争议的焦点，，对与之相关的利他合同、利他合同所涉法律关系、第三人履约请求权的取得进行了理论上的界定和梳理。第三部分，分析问题。对前文的案例从法律的角度分析。首先对案例中提到的合同性质进行认定。然后基于第三人履约请求权取得的法理分析，重点从法律规定和合同目的的角度对该案合同中的第三人是否应获得履约请求权进行理论分析。最后，在前面分析的基础上进一步总结对本案的认识。。第四部分，解决问题。针对案件所涉及的利他合同第三人履约请求权问题的法律不完备，从改进合同法具体规定的角度提出自己的完善建议。第五部分，结语。对全文进行总结。
[Abstract]:Contract is a special agreement between the parties to the contract, from the date of its appearance, it adheres to the principle of relativity. However, with the continuous development of social economy, the contractual relationship has become more and more complex, involving not only the parties to the contract, but also the third party involved in the contract. Altruistic contracts began to appear and were repeatedly used in social and economic life. Then, as a third party other than the parties to the contract, can the debtor obtain the right of claim for performance when the debtor fails to perform the obligations stipulated in the contract or when the performance is inappropriate to protect his own interests from loss? The civil law system and the common law system have clearly stipulated the third party's right of performance claim. In contrast, China's contract Law does not make a clear provision on this issue. Due to the lack of specific laws, when dealing with similar cases in judicial practice, there are different judgments resulting from different understandings of legal provisions. It is really necessary to further study and clarify. This paper starts from the real cases in practice, focuses on the third party's claim for performance, through comparative research, legal hermeneutics and other research methods, It defines and combs the relevant theoretical knowledge of altruistic contract and third party's right of performance claim. On this basis, the case processing is analyzed, and finally, the author puts forward his own opinion on the legal loopholes exposed in the case analysis. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the problem. First of all, it introduces the basic situation of the case to be analyzed and the judgment of the court. Secondly, it points out the focus of the dispute in this case. The second part, in view of the focus of the dispute between the parties, is concerned with the altruistic contract and the legal relationship involved in the altruistic contract. The third part analyzes the problem. The case above is analyzed from the angle of law. First of all, the nature of the contract mentioned in the case is identified. Then, based on the legal analysis of the acquisition of the third party's right of performance claim, this paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of whether the third party in the contract should obtain the right of performance claim from the angle of the legal provisions and the purpose of the contract. Finally, on the basis of the previous analysis, further summarize the understanding of the case. In view of the incomplete law on the third party's right of performance in altruistic contract, the author puts forward his own suggestions from the point of view of improving the specific provisions of contract law. Part five, conclusion. Summarize the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】