论人身保险中的如实告知义务

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:14

本文选题：保险法 + 人身保险　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险从本质上说是人们规避风险或转移风险的一种方式,由面临同类危险的人组成团体,筹集资金,当个人遭遇不测时由全体成员共同分担个人的风险与损失。如实告知义务制度是保险制度中的重要一环。由于保险人与投保人之间存在信息不对称的情况,如实告知义务制度应运而生,其产生就是为了保护保险人,弥补其在信息搜集上的弱势。尤其在人身保险中,保险标的是被保险人的生命、健康,被保险人的病史、年龄、职业等情况与保险标的有密切的联系,而这些情况都是复杂多变的,如实告知义务制度的重要性更为明显。我国《保险法》对人身保险中的如实告知义务制度也作出了相关的规定。但是近年来,随着我国保险业的迅速发展,有关人身保险中如实告知义务的纠纷数量居高不下,我国现行的保险立法显露出不足之处,存在许多值得商榷和完善的地方。本文在研究人身保险中的如实告知义务制度时,运用比较法的研究方法,分析不同国家、地区有关人身保险中如实告知义务制度的立法差异,借鉴其他国家的保险法以完善我国立法,同时还运用案例分析法,引用典型的案例,结合案例进行讨论。本文分为四章。第一章论述人身保险中如实告知义务的理论基础。首先评析了关于人身保险中如实告知义务法理依据的相关学说,明确如实告知义务的法理依据为危险估计说。在此基础上讨论人身保险中如实告知义务的性质,即人身保险中如实告知义务是先合同义务、法定义务和不真正义务。第二章探讨人身保险中如实告知义务的内容。首先讨论了义务主体与义务相对人,投保人、被保险人及其代理人都是人身保险中如实告知义务的义务主体,另外从保险代理人、保险业务员及体检医师的介入两个方面讨论义务相对人的具体情况。其次分析了人身保险中如实告知义务告知的内容与范围,即投保人或被保险人知道或应该知道的,由保险人询问的对人身保险合同有重要影响的事实。第三章分析人身保险中如实告知义务的履行。首先分析了人身保险中如实告知义务的履行期,人身保险中如实告知义务的履行期既有一般规定,又有三个方面的特殊规定。其次讨论了人身保险中如实告知义务的免除的两种情况,即保险人知道或者应当知道的事实、投保人或被保险人未告知的事实会导致保险标的的实际风险降低。第四章阐述违反如实告知义务的法律后果。首先探讨了违反如实告知义务的客观要件和主观要件。在此基础上进一步讨论违反如实告知义务的后果,从解除权的行使、行使的效果、行使的阻却三个方面进行具体阐述。最后分析了解除权与合同法上撤销权的关系。
[Abstract]:In essence, insurance is a way for people to avoid or transfer risks. They form groups of people who are facing the same kind of risks, raise funds, and share the risks and losses of individuals when they encounter an accident. The obligation to inform truthfully is an important part of the insurance system. Due to the existence of information asymmetry between the insurer and the insured, the obligation of truthful notification arises at the historic moment, which is to protect the insurer and make up for its weakness in information collection. Especially in personal insurance, the subject matter of insurance is the life, health, medical history, age, occupation and so on of the insured, which are closely related to the subject matter of insurance, and these conditions are complex and changeable. The importance of the obligation to inform truthfully is more obvious. The insurance law of our country has also made the relevant stipulation to the truthful informing obligation system in the personal insurance. But in recent years, with the rapid development of the insurance industry in China, the number of disputes about the obligation of truthful notification in personal insurance remains high, and the current insurance legislation of our country shows its shortcomings, which is worth discussing and perfecting. When studying the system of truthful disclosure obligation in personal insurance, this paper applies the comparative method to analyze the legislative differences of the truthful disclosure obligation system in personal insurance in different countries and regions. The insurance law of other countries is used for reference in order to perfect the legislation of our country. At the same time, the case analysis method is used, the typical cases are cited, and the cases are discussed. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the theoretical basis of the obligation to inform truthfully in personal insurance. Firstly, the author analyzes the relevant theories about the legal basis of the truthful obligation of disclosure in personal insurance, and makes clear that the legal basis of the obligation of truthful disclosure is the theory of risk estimation. On this basis, this paper discusses the nature of the obligation of truthful disclosure in personal insurance, that is, the obligation to inform truthfully in personal insurance is the prior contractual obligation, the legal obligation and the unreal obligation. The second chapter discusses the content of the obligation to inform truthfully in personal insurance. First of all, it is discussed that the subject of obligation and the relative person of obligation, the insured, the insured and their agent are all the subject of obligation of truthfully informing in personal insurance, in addition, from the insurance agent, Insurance salesman and physical examination doctor's intervention two aspects discuss the obligation relative person's specific situation. Secondly, it analyzes the content and scope of the truthful disclosure obligation in personal insurance, that is, the fact that the insured or the insured knows or should know, the fact that the insurer inquires about the important influence on the personal insurance contract. The third chapter analyzes the fulfillment of the obligation to inform truthfully in personal insurance. First of all, it analyzes the fulfilling period of truthful disclosure obligation in personal insurance. There are general provisions and three special provisions in the fulfillment period of truthful disclosure obligation in personal insurance. Secondly, it discusses the two cases of exemption of truthful obligation of disclosure in personal insurance, that is, the fact that the insurer knows or should know, and the fact that the insured or the insured does not inform will lead to the reduction of the actual risk of the subject matter insured. Chapter four describes the legal consequences of violating the obligation to inform truthfully. First of all, the objective and subjective elements of violating the obligation to inform truthfully are discussed. On this basis, it further discusses the consequences of violating the obligation to inform truthfully, from three aspects: the exercise of the right of rescission, the effect of the exercise, and the hindrance of the exercise. Finally, it analyzes the relationship between the right of rescission and the right of rescission in contract law.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.284

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