公司实际出资人法律地位疑难问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 11:45
【摘要】：从改革开放到现在,随着我国市场经济体制的不断完善,大量的台资、外资被引进,而与之产生的隐名投资现象也大量涌现。特别体现在对有限责任公司的投资中,其中实际出资人姓名并不显示在股东名册和公司章程等文件上,而显示在这些外部文件上的人为名义股东。虽然现行立法对解决实际出资人的相关问题提供了思路,但该立法却陷入具体问题具体分析的永无止境的价值抉择中。对于实际出资人这一投资主体的法律地位,仍然持模糊态度,使得实际出资人、名义股东、公司及公司其他股东、公司外第三人之间的纠纷难以解决,法院在判案时也会因无明确法律条文参考出现同案异果的情形。因而有必要对与实际出资人法律地位相关的问题进行研究,并提供解决办法。 实际出资人法律地位疑难问题表现在两个方面,一是实际出资人与公司其他股东之间的显名纠纷,二是实际出资人与名义股东和第三人之间的权利纠纷。实际出资人与公司其他股东之间的显名纠纷,其实质是实际出资人股东资格确认过程中如何平衡双方利益的问题。要解决这一问题就需要先从理论上分析实际出资人要求显名是否具有合理基础,否则在不合理的基础上讨论实际出资人要求显名这一请求就毫无意义。然后对理论界关于实际出资人显名地位认定的各种学说以及相关立法进行评析,指出理论界和实务界目前也无法解决这一问题。而通过对英美代理制度的分析,发现可以借鉴隐名代理制度和被代理人身份不公开的代理制度的规定解决这一问题。而实际出资人与名义股东权利纠纷的关键在于认定代持股协议的性质,根据代持股协议的内容以及股权的实际购买者是谁来认定是否属于委托代理关系,防止实际出资人以“借款”为由随意撤资,影响公司安全和稳定。要解决实际出资人与第三人的权利纠纷的关键在于如何平衡实际出资人与第三人之间的利益,即不能一味的保护第三人的利益而牺牲实际出资人的利益。此时仍然可以借鉴英美代理制度中的不容否认代理制度解决实际出资人与第三人之间的法律关系。 因而关于实际出资人法律地位的疑难问题都可以利用英美代理制度予以解决,而且我国合同法已经对英美代理制度中的隐名代理制度和被代理人身份不公开的代理制度进行了移植,所以引入英美代理制度解决隐名投资相关问题具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up to the present, with the continuous improvement of China's market economic system, a large number of Taiwanese capital, foreign investment has been introduced, and the phenomenon of anonymous investment has also emerged in large numbers. Especially in the investment of the limited liability company, the name of the actual investor is not shown on the register of shareholders and the articles of association, but on these external documents are the nominal shareholders. Although the current legislation provides the train of thought to solve the related problems of the actual investors, the legislation is caught in the endless value choice of concrete analysis of the specific problems. As to the legal status of the actual investor as the main body of investment, there is still a vague attitude, which makes it difficult to resolve the dispute between the actual investor, the nominal shareholder, the company and other shareholders of the company, and the third party outside the company. The court will judge the case because there is no clear legal provisions to refer to the situation of different results in the same case. Therefore, it is necessary to study and provide solutions to the problems related to the legal status of actual investors. There are two difficult problems in the legal status of the actual investor: one is the dispute between the actual investor and other shareholders of the company, the other is the right dispute between the actual investor and the nominal shareholder and the third party. The essence of the dispute between the actual investors and other shareholders of the company is how to balance the interests of both parties in the process of the shareholders' qualification confirmation. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze theoretically whether there is a reasonable basis for the actual investor to have a clear name, otherwise, it is meaningless to discuss the request of the actual investor to show the name on the unreasonable basis. Then it analyzes various theories and relevant legislation about the recognition of the prominent status of the actual investors in the theoretical circle, and points out that the theoretical and practical circles can not solve this problem at present. Through the analysis of Anglo-American agency system, it is found that this problem can be solved by the provisions of anonymous agency system and undisclosed agent system. The key to the dispute between the actual investor and the nominal shareholder is to determine the nature of the proxy shareholding agreement, and to determine whether it belongs to the principal-agent relationship according to the content of the proxy shareholding agreement and who the actual purchaser of the equity is. To prevent actual investors from withdrawing their funds arbitrarily on the basis of "borrowing", affecting the safety and stability of the company. The key to solve the right dispute between the actual investor and the third party lies in how to balance the interests between the actual investor and the third party, that is, we cannot blindly protect the interests of the third party and sacrifice the interests of the actual investor. At this time, we can still draw lessons from the non-repudiation agency system in the Anglo-American agency system to solve the legal relationship between the actual investor and the third party. Therefore, the difficult problems concerning the legal status of actual investors can be solved by using the Anglo-American agency system. Moreover, the contract law of our country has transplanted the anonymous agency system and the undisclosed agent system in the Anglo-American agency system, so it is feasible to introduce the Anglo-American agency system to solve the problems related to anonymous investment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.91
本文编号：2353578
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up to the present, with the continuous improvement of China's market economic system, a large number of Taiwanese capital, foreign investment has been introduced, and the phenomenon of anonymous investment has also emerged in large numbers. Especially in the investment of the limited liability company, the name of the actual investor is not shown on the register of shareholders and the articles of association, but on these external documents are the nominal shareholders. Although the current legislation provides the train of thought to solve the related problems of the actual investors, the legislation is caught in the endless value choice of concrete analysis of the specific problems. As to the legal status of the actual investor as the main body of investment, there is still a vague attitude, which makes it difficult to resolve the dispute between the actual investor, the nominal shareholder, the company and other shareholders of the company, and the third party outside the company. The court will judge the case because there is no clear legal provisions to refer to the situation of different results in the same case. Therefore, it is necessary to study and provide solutions to the problems related to the legal status of actual investors. There are two difficult problems in the legal status of the actual investor: one is the dispute between the actual investor and other shareholders of the company, the other is the right dispute between the actual investor and the nominal shareholder and the third party. The essence of the dispute between the actual investors and other shareholders of the company is how to balance the interests of both parties in the process of the shareholders' qualification confirmation. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze theoretically whether there is a reasonable basis for the actual investor to have a clear name, otherwise, it is meaningless to discuss the request of the actual investor to show the name on the unreasonable basis. Then it analyzes various theories and relevant legislation about the recognition of the prominent status of the actual investors in the theoretical circle, and points out that the theoretical and practical circles can not solve this problem at present. Through the analysis of Anglo-American agency system, it is found that this problem can be solved by the provisions of anonymous agency system and undisclosed agent system. The key to the dispute between the actual investor and the nominal shareholder is to determine the nature of the proxy shareholding agreement, and to determine whether it belongs to the principal-agent relationship according to the content of the proxy shareholding agreement and who the actual purchaser of the equity is. To prevent actual investors from withdrawing their funds arbitrarily on the basis of "borrowing", affecting the safety and stability of the company. The key to solve the right dispute between the actual investor and the third party lies in how to balance the interests between the actual investor and the third party, that is, we cannot blindly protect the interests of the third party and sacrifice the interests of the actual investor. At this time, we can still draw lessons from the non-repudiation agency system in the Anglo-American agency system to solve the legal relationship between the actual investor and the third party. Therefore, the difficult problems concerning the legal status of actual investors can be solved by using the Anglo-American agency system. Moreover, the contract law of our country has transplanted the anonymous agency system and the undisclosed agent system in the Anglo-American agency system, so it is feasible to introduce the Anglo-American agency system to solve the problems related to anonymous investment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.91
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