我国商业银行信贷风险的法律防范研究

发布时间：2019-05-19 07:39

【摘要】：商业银行是经营货币这一特殊商品的企业，可以算得上是举债经营。存贷利息之差是商业银行收入的主要来源，信用制度是商业银行的根本制度。上个世纪的东南亚危机以及早几年发生金融危机都是由信贷危机引起的，因此商业银行的信贷风险管理显得尤为重要，尤其在当今世界经济一体化的形势下，对信贷风险的防范与控制要特别重视，否则全球的金融稳定都会受到影响。然而，目前我国国企举债过多，加上大量外资银行在我国的金融市场涌现出来，我国商业银行的经营环境面临着巨大的挑战，竞争空前的激烈，许多商业银行不良资产居高不下，不利于我国国民经济的稳定发展。目前我国实行的是分业经营的模式，即银行、证券、保险三个行业分开经营管理，这是避免风险的一个经营模式。在这种经营模式下，商业银行大部分的资产是贷款，因此信贷风险十分集中，如何防范和控制金融风险成为了我国商业银行管理的核心任务。本文的第一章绪论部分,主要阐述了研究背景和意义、国内外研究综述和研究方法；第二章研究了我国商业银行信贷风险的表现特点及法律防范意义，理清商业银行信贷风险的种类，因为信贷风险是一个集合的概念，其表现出来的特别也是多样化的，同时提出运用法律手段防范和化解信贷风险的意义。第三章分析了我国目前商业银行信贷风险防范的法律缺陷，主要包括银行贷款业务监管的法律缺陷，包括制度安排不合理，组织机构不健全,信贷监管立法落后；分业经营的法律缺陷；国有、股份制商业银行治理结构的法律缺陷；法律保障机制的缺陷，主要从《合同法》、《担保法》、《民法通则》以及利率和准备金制度等方面的缺陷进行论述。第四章提出防范我国商业银行信贷风险的法律对策，首先要加强银行信贷资产风险的监管，要加强银行业监管，不断提高信贷风险监管水平，建立和健全存款保险制度和最后贷款人制度，要加强监管机构合作以适应金融混业经营；其次要完善国有商业银行和股份制商业银行的治理结构；接着，，完善商业银行信贷制度，要对审批，授信和内部审计等方面的制度进行完善；最后完善法律保障机制，建立健全防控贷款风险的法律体系并改善法制环境。
[Abstract]:Commercial banks are enterprises that operate currency as a special commodity, which can be regarded as borrowing. The difference of deposit and loan interest is the main source of commercial bank income, and the credit system is the fundamental system of commercial bank. The Southeast Asian crisis in the last century and the financial crisis in the early years were all caused by the credit crisis, so the credit risk management of commercial banks is particularly important, especially under the situation of world economic integration. Special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of credit risk, otherwise the global financial stability will be affected. However, at present, the state-owned enterprises in our country borrow too much, coupled with the emergence of a large number of foreign banks in the financial market of our country, the operating environment of the commercial banks in our country is facing great challenges and the competition is unprecedented fierce. Many commercial banks have high non-performing assets, which is not conducive to the stable development of our national economy. At present, our country implements the mode of separate operation, that is, bank, securities and insurance three industries operate and manage separately, which is a management mode to avoid risk. Under this management mode, most of the assets of commercial banks are loans, so the credit risk is very concentrated, how to prevent and control financial risks has become the core task of commercial bank management in our country. The first chapter of this paper is the introduction, which mainly expounds the research background and significance, the research review and research methods at home and abroad. The second chapter studies the performance characteristics and legal preventive significance of credit risk of commercial banks in China, and clarifies the types of credit risk of commercial banks, because credit risk is a collective concept, and its performance is especially diversified. At the same time, the significance of using legal means to prevent and resolve credit risk is put forward. The third chapter analyzes the legal defects of credit risk prevention of commercial banks in our country, including the legal defects of bank loan business supervision, including unreasonable institutional arrangement, imperfect organization and backward credit supervision legislation. The legal defects of separate operation, the legal defects of the governance structure of state-owned and joint-stock commercial banks; The defects of legal guarantee mechanism are mainly discussed from the aspects of contract Law, guarantee Law, General principles of Civil Law and interest rate and Reserve system. The fourth chapter puts forward the legal countermeasures to prevent the credit risk of commercial banks in our country. First of all, we should strengthen the supervision and control of bank credit assets, strengthen the supervision of banking industry, and constantly improve the level of credit risk supervision. In order to establish and improve the deposit insurance system and the lender of last resort system, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation of regulatory institutions to adapt to the mixed operation of finance. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the governance structure of state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks. Then, to improve the credit system of commercial banks, we should perfect the system of examination and approval, credit and internal audit. Finally, improve the legal protection mechanism, establish and improve the legal system of preventing and controlling loan risk and improve the legal environment.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.281

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