反就业歧视与平等就业权之保障研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 20:23

本文关键词：反就业歧视与平等就业权之保障研究　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：劳动是一个人满足生存需求和实现自身价值的基本手段,而就业是劳动者实现劳动权利和履行劳动义务的重要前提。按照马斯洛的需求层次理论,劳动权既体现为一种维持生存的最基本要求,也体现为一种自我实现的需要,因此即是一种最低层次的需求,也是一种最高层次的需求。就业权的实现除了关系到劳动者的生存权之外,还影响到劳动者的发展权。平等就业权是人人生而平等的基本人权理论在就业领域的重要体现。平等就业权的实现需要国家通过立法、司法等强制手段,也需要社会各界通过守法来共同促进和谐劳动关系的建立。我国在计划经济时代就业采取的是统一安排的分配政策,劳动者和用人单位都没有选择的权利,谈不上所谓的平等就业；实行市场经济之后,更多地关注的是经济总量的增长和就业率的保障,忽略了就业过程中的公平公正问题。在长期严峻的就业形势之下,劳动者往往处于弱势地位,就业过程中的各种不公正行为越演越烈,各种就业歧视现象严重侵害者劳动者的平等就业权。平等就业权意味着劳动者在就业过程中享有平等的就业权利和资格、公平竞争的机会以及免予歧视的对待。平等就业权既包含形式意义上的平等,也意味着追求实质意义上的平等。由于我国正处于社会转型时期,社会结构的发展滞后于经济结构的演变,同时相关就业立法滞后于社会发展的需求,导致就业中的各种歧视层出不穷。平等就业权的实现和保障需要以反就业歧视为切入点,以立法、执法和司法过程中建立完备的就业法律制度,同时建立有效的平等就业权的救济和监督制度。促进就业、保障公民平等就业权是我国建设社会主义法治国家并实现和谐社会亟待解决的问题,对我国公平正义的核心价值体系建设具有重要意义。本文正文部分分为四个部分。第一章介绍平等就业权的思想渊源和发展历程,通过国际社会和国内平等就业权相关理论发展脉络,为平等就业权制度构建提供基础理论。平等思想和人权理念是平等就业权的基本思想渊源,作为国际劳工权利保护组织的国际劳工组织的成立及一系列促进就业公平的公约、条约的签订,为国际平等就业权保障提供立法和制度依据。各国国内立法和司法对平等就业权的保障在西方社会民权运动和各项反歧视运动中得到了轰轰烈烈的发展。第二章主要介绍平等就业权的保护原则和限制原则。平等就业权的保护原则包括平等保护原则和特殊保护原则。作为保护原则例外的限制原则包括合理的职业资格限制、特定职位的特殊需要限制和竞业禁止限制等。第三章分析对平等就业权造成实质侵害的就业歧视现象的现状和成因。我国就业领域的歧视呈现多样化的趋势,同时就业歧视的成因既有传统思想观念的影响,又有经济领域的劳动力市场供求关系的影响,同时还包括二元化的户籍制度这一国家基本制度方面的原因。第四章介绍我国平等就业权保障的制度现状和制度完善构建。我国现行平等就业权保障体系在立法和司法体系都有一定的基本制度体系,但是现有制度体系存在较多的缺陷,我国平等就业权保障需要在借鉴国外反就业歧视经验和教训,并在总结现有制度体系的优点和不足的基础上,深入分析我国劳动就业基本制度和立法司法实践,制定合理有效的平等就业权保障制度体系。
[Abstract]:Labor is a personal subsistence and basic means to realize their own value, and the employment is an important prerequisite for employees to realize their rights and perform their obligations. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, labor rights embodied as one of the most basic requirements for survival, is also a kind of self realization need, so it is a minimum level of demand, is also a demand for the highest level of employment. In addition to the realization of the right to the worker's right to exist, but also affects the development rights of workers. Equal employment rights are all created equal basic human rights theory embodies in the field of employment. The realization of equal employment rights through national needs the legislative, judicial and other coercive means, also need the community through the law to jointly promote the establishment of harmonious labor relations in China. In the era of the planned economy employment is arranged The distribution policy, workers and employers have the right to choose, not to mention the so-called equal employment; after the implementation of the market economy, more attention is the total economic growth and employment protection, ignored the issue of fairness and justice in the process of employment. In the long term severe employment situation, workers are often in a weak in the process of employment status, all kinds of injustice intensified, and employment discrimination are serious violations of equal employment rights of workers.
Equal employment rights mean that workers enjoy equal employment rights and qualifications in the course of employment opportunities and fair competition, with exemption from discrimination of equal employment right. It includes both the form of equality, also means that the pursuit of substantive equality. Because our country is in the period of social transformation, the evolution of social structure lag in the economic structure, and the relevant employment legislation lags behind the needs of social development, leading to a variety of discrimination in employment. The emerge in an endless stream of equal employment rights and protection to anti discrimination in employment as the starting point, in the legislation, establish a complete legal system of employment law enforcement and judicial process, and establish effective equal employment right the relief and supervision system. To promote employment, safeguard citizens equal employment rights is the problem of building a socialist country ruled by law and realize the harmonious society of our country to be solved urgently. The construction of the core value system of fairness and justice is of great significance.
This text is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the equal employment right thoughts origin and development, through the context of the international community and domestic equal employment rights theory development, provide the theoretical basis for the right to equal employment system. Equality and human rights concept is the basic ideological origins of equal employment rights, the establishment of the International Labour Organization protection the rights of the International Labour Organization and a series of employment promotion fair as a convention, the signing of the treaty, to provide legislative and institutional basis for the equal employment rights protection. National legislation and judicial protection of equal employment rights in western society, the civil rights movement and the anti discrimination campaign got with vigour and vitality development. Protection principles and restrictions the second chapter mainly introduces the principle of equal employment rights. Equal right to employment protection principles include the principle of equal protection and special protection as the principle. The principle of limiting protection principle exception including restrictions on reasonable occupation qualification, the specific position of the special needs of restriction and prohibition restrict. The third chapter analyzes the status quo and the causes of the employment discrimination caused substantial damage on equal employment right. In the field of our country employment discrimination has diversified trend, and employment discrimination are caused the influence of traditional ideas, and the relationship between supply and demand of the labor market in the economic field, but also includes two reasons of the household registration system, the basic system of the country. The fourth chapter introduces the system status and system of our country to improve the construction of equal right to employment security. The equal employment rights are the basic security system in China the system in the legislation and judicial system, but there are many defects in the existing system, China's equal right to employment security needs in foreign anti employment discrimination Based on the experience and lessons learned and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing system, we thoroughly analyze the basic system and legislation practice of labor employment in China, and work out a reasonable and effective guarantee system for equal employment rights.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.5

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