见义勇为者合法权益保护研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 12:36

本文关键词： 见义勇为法律责任立法　出处：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：几千年来,挺身而出、见义勇为都被认为是人类社会的高尚义举,一直备受道德的推崇与赞赏。本文认为,仅仅对见义勇为进行道德上的赞赏是远远不够的,更要注重对见义勇为合法权益的法律保护。本文引言部分从我国学者对见义勇为民法、刑法、行政法不同角度的研究探索入手,提出应明确见义勇为行为产生的若干法律责任,以期建立一部单独的《中华人民共和国见义勇为者权益保护法》,进一步保护见义勇为行为人的合法权益,促进社会和谐。本文的第一部分是对见义勇为基本理论的论述,对见义勇为相关法律关系进行了基础性的介绍。从分析概念的角度入手,结合“见义勇为”概念的由来、我国地方性法规中对见义勇为概念界定的不同理解,整理出了一个比较全面的见义勇为的概念；对见义勇为行为的法律特征进行理性分析,以期更完善的了解见义勇为行为；对见义勇为行为的法律性质进行了分析,将见义勇为行为与无因管理的行为进行了比较,得出见义勇为行为虽然具有无因管理的属性,但是仅用无因管理制度来规制见义勇为行为是不完全恰当的,可以将见义勇为行为认定是一种救助保护行为；以见义勇为法律关系中的行为主体是否明确为标准,将见义勇为行为划分为有具体明确受益人、无具体受益人、有具体侵害人、无具体侵害人(包括自然灾害)等行为类型；最后对见义勇为者的请求权进行了分析,明确了见义勇为者对不同主体的损害赔偿、损害补偿及行政保护请求权。第二部分是对见义勇为国内外立法现状进行了分析和阐述。首先是对我国民法、劳动法和社会保障法以及地方规范性文件等三方面内容来展开介绍目前国内关于见义勇为者的法律保障,指出国家立法对见义勇为者合法权益保障的局限性,强调了国家作为见义勇为最终受益人补偿义务的缺失。其次是对国外“见义勇为法”的基本阐述,提出我国应在责任豁免以及损害补偿等方面对见义勇为者进行立法规定。第三部分是对见义勇为者致他人权益受损的法律责任、国家对见义勇为者的代位补偿和完全补偿责任、污蔑见义勇为者的法律责任、“见义不为者”的法律责任进行了初略性的探索,认为对见义勇为者致他人受损的可以依照法国民法典给予限制豁免权,对于见义勇为者遭受损害得不到实际赔付时由国家承担代为补偿责任和完全补偿责任,对污蔑见义勇为者视社会影响程度和情节的轻重给予调解,或追究其刑事责任,对“见义不为者”应视情况、救助主体类别予以区别对待。第四部分笔者对见义勇为的立法框架进行了初步的构想,按照总则、见义勇为行为的确认、国家对见义勇为人合法权益的保护和奖励、法律责任、附则等方面进行构思,以期能对见义勇为立法的研究提供帮助。结论部分,笔者认为应当以法律的形式确定国家补偿责任的主体地位,同时由于我国相关法律救济存在诸多弊端,急需建立一部全国统一的《中国人民共和国见义勇为者权益保护法》,才能最终实现见义勇为者缺有所补、伤有所依、德有所彰。
[Abstract]:In this paper , the author points out that it is not enough to pay attention to the legal protection of the legal rights and interests of the righteous . This paper puts forward some legal responsibilities which should be clearly defined by the scholars of our country to study the different angles of civil law , criminal law and administrative law , and to establish a separate law of the people ' s rights and interests of the People ' s Republic of China , to further protect the legitimate rights and interests of the perpetrators and promote social harmony . The first part of this paper is the exposition of the basic theory of the courage for the sense of justice and the basic introduction to the relevant legal relations . The second part analyzes and expounds the present situation of the domestic and foreign legislation . First of all , the author introduces the legal safeguard of the domestic law , the labor law , the social security law and the local normative document , and points out the limitation of the national legislation on the legal rights and interests of the volunteers , and points out the lack of the compensation obligation of the country as the ultimate beneficiary . The third part is the legal responsibility for the damage to the rights and interests of the brave people , the legal responsibility of the state to the brave and the responsibility of full compensation , the stigmatization and the legal responsibility of the brave person , the responsibility for the compensation and the full compensation in the case of the damage to the volunteers . In the fourth part , the author makes a tentative idea of the legislative framework of the brave and brave . According to the general rule , the author confirms the act , and the state makes the conception of the protection and reward , legal responsibility , and the attachment of the legal rights and interests of the people , with a view to providing help to the study of the law . In conclusion , the author believes that the main status of State compensation responsibility should be determined in the form of law . At the same time , it is urgent to establish a national unity - based Chinese People ' s Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea ' s rights and interests protection law , because of the shortcomings of relevant legal remedies in our country .

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】