我国社会保障法若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:41

本文选题：社会保障法　切入点：地位　出处：《湖南师范大学》2001年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 社会保障是指国家通过制定各种措施，使社会成员在年老、患病、失业、遭遇灾害或丧失劳动能力的情况下，能够获得一定的帮助，以保障社会成员的基本生活需要。它既是一种经济制度，也是一种法律制度。我国目前正处在社会保障制度改革、完善和发展的关键时期，但国内许多专家、学者对于社会保障法的一些基本理论问题以及我国应如何加强立法，构建完整的社会保障法体系，意见分歧较大。本文着重就社会保障法的地位、性质、基本原则、法律关系、立法等问题进行了初步探讨和研究。尽管社会保障法与社会法存在着包含与被包含，与劳动法、经济法存在着重叠和交叉的关系，但它仍应是一个独立的法律部门。其理由如下：第一，从调整对象看，社会保障法有其独立的、特殊的调整对象；第二，从法规数量看，已颁布的法律文件已足够构成一个法律部门；第三，从法规内容看，涉及社会保障方面的法律、法规也可形成一个法律部门体系；第四，从调整方法及对违法行为的制裁形式看，社会保障法有它自己的特色。它不仅应是一个独立的法律部门，而且和民法、刑法、劳动法等其他部门法一样，是属于仅次于宪法的一个部门法。就社会保障法的性质来说，它应该包括以下几个方面：社会保障法为公法，而不是公法、私法的融合或结合；社会保障法为人法，以人为出发点，体现了人道主义精神；社会保障法为生存权利保障法，保障社会成员的基本生存和生活；社会保障法为现代社会的基本法，和经济法、民商法等其它法律一样，都对市场经济的发展起着调整、规范和支持作用；社会保障法为实体法，而不是实体法与程序法的统一体；社会保障法是以强制性规范为主的法，，这是由社会保障自身的特性决定的。我国社会保障法的基本原则应包括：普遍性与选择性相结合原则、权利义务相一致原则、公平与效率兼顾原则、社会保障水平与经济发展相适应原则、国家保障与社会保障相结合原则。我国的国情及社会保障自身的特点决定了我国目前的社会保障法还只能贯彻这五个基本原则，而不是仅贯彻普遍性原则、权利性原则、公平原则、提高社会保障水平原则、国家保障原则。任何法律关系都由主体、内容和客体三个要素构成，社会保障法律关系也不例外。其构成要素之一的主体包括:国家或政府、社会保障实施机构、企业或个体经济组织、社会成员或劳动者;其构成要素之二的内容在权利与义务的关系方面具有与其它法律关系不同的特点，即义务在先，权利在后，而且两者也并非完全对应;其构成要素之三的客体包括:物、行为、人格利益。社会保障法律关系与其它法律关系相比较，具有强制性、广泛性和复杂性的特点，在其客体当中，最常见、最主要的客体不是物，而是人格利益。我国当前的社会保障立法工作存在着很多缺陷，主要表现为:缺乏整体规划、体系残缺不全，立法空白很多;法律少，行政法规多，立法层次低;立法主体多元，立法层次无序，立法体系极不规范;立法发展不平衡;地方立法畸形“繁荣”;法律规范存在无法律责任和制裁措施的缺陷，强制力低，实施机制弱化。针对以上存在的问题，此项工作应作如下改进:社会保障立法应当有一个立法规划，应注意由地方向中央发展，由分散向相对集中发展，由行政向人大发展;此外，还应对现行的社会保障单行法规进行清理，强化社会保障法律制度的实施机制，完善司法保障措施。就我国社会保障立法模式来说，我国宜采取“一法统驭多法”的立法模式。在重构适应我国社会主义市场经济的社会保障法体系时，应重视和研究一些相关问题，如应考虑和顾及我国的基本国情; 应结合我国经济体制过渡性的特点，注重立法的超前性;应解决好和各个法律部门的相互配套和衔接;应制定社会保障基金法来规范社会保障基金的运营，以确保其保值、增值;应加强法学与社会保障学的跨学科研究;应借鉴国外社会保障立法的经验，但也应注意本土化。
[Abstract]:Social security refers to the country through the development of a variety of measures, the members of the society in old age, illness, unemployment, disaster or lose labor ability, can get some help, in order to guarantee the basic life of social members. It is a kind of economic system, is also a kind of legal system of our country is in the society. Security system reform, the key period of development and perfection, but many domestic experts and scholars, some of the basic theory of social security law and how our country should strengthen the legislation, to build complete social security system, large differences of opinion. This article focuses on the status of the social security law, nature, basic principles, legal relationship, for the preliminary discussion and Study on legislation and other issues.
Although the social security law and social law are included and included, and labor law, economic law exist overlap and cross relations, but it should still be an independent legal department. The reasons are as follows: first, from the adjustment object, the social security law has its independent adjustment object, special; second, from the number of regulations, legal documents have been issued is enough to constitute a legal department; third, from the laws and regulations content, relates to social security laws and regulations can also form a legal department system; fourth, the adjustment method and sanctions for violations of the law form, social security has its own features. It should not only be an independent law department, and civil law, criminal law, labor law, is a constitutional law. Only belongs to the Department
The nature of social security law, it should include the following aspects: the social security law as a public law, instead of public law, private law integration or combination; the social security act as law, by the artificial starting point, embodies the spirit of humanitarianism; social security law for survival right safeguard law, basic survival and living security the members of the society; the social security law is the basic law of the modern society, and economic law, civil law and other laws, plays an adjustment to the development of market economy, standardize and support; social security law as substantive law, rather than substantive law and procedural law unity; social security law is mandatory specification based method, which is decided by the social security of its own characteristics.
The basic principles of China's social security law should include the principle of universality and selectivity, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations, the principle of fairness and efficiency, social security level and economic development.
The principle of adaptation, the principle of the combination of state security and social security. The national conditions and social security of our country
The characteristics of the barrier itself determine that the current social security law can only carry out the five basic sources.
Instead of carrying out the principle of universality, the principle of rights, the principle of fairness, and the improvement of social security water
The plain is the principle of national security.
Any legal relationship is composed of three elements, the subject, the content and the object, and the social security law
Relationship is no exception. One of its components includes the state or government, social security.
An institution, an enterprise, or an individual economic organization, a member of a society, or a worker; two of its constituent elements.
The content is different from other legal relations in relation to rights and obligations, that is, meaning
In the first place, the right is in the post, and the two are not completely corresponding; the object of the three of its constituent elements
Including: things, behavior, personality interests. Social security legal relations are compared with other legal relations.
Having the characteristics of compulsion, universality and complexity, among its objects, the most common and most important
The object is not the object, but the personal interest.
There are many defects in the current social security legislation in our country, which is mainly manifested in the lack of the law.
Overall planning, the system is incomplete and there are many gaps in the legislation; there are few laws, many administrative laws and regulations, and the legislative level
Second low; the legislative body is pluralistic, the legislative level is disordered, the legislative system is very unstandard; the legislative development is unequal
The deformed "prosperity" of local legislation; the absence of legal responsibility and the lack of sanctions.
In view of the above problems, this work should be done as a result of the above problems.
Further improvement: the legislation of social security legislation should have a legislative plan, and should be paid attention to the direction from the ground.
Exhibition, from decentralization to relatively concentrated development, from the administration to the people's Congress, and in addition to the current society.
It will guarantee the cleaning of the single line laws and regulations, strengthen the implementation mechanism of the social security legal system, and improve the Department.
Method of security measures. The legislative mode of social security in our country, China should adopt a "one law controlling more
The legislative model of "law" in reconstructing the social security law adapted to the socialist market economy in China
In our department, we should pay attention to and study some related issues, such as taking into account and taking into account the basic national conditions of our country.
We should combine the transitional characteristics of our country's economic system and pay attention to the advance of legislation; it should be solved well and all of them should be solved.
The social security fund law should be formulated to regulate social security.
The operation of the barrier fund to ensure its value preservation and appreciation; should strengthen the study of law and social security.
We should learn from the experience of foreign social security legislation, but should also pay attention to localization.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D922.182.3

【引证文献】