我国农民工劳动报酬权法律保护问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:09

本文选题：农民工　切入点：弱势群体　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：农民工问题的出现是我国现有社会的一个特殊现象，改革开放后，我国经济迅速发展，经济总量已经跃升世界第二，城市经济的发展尤为迅速，在经济快速发展的同时，劳动力的需求也迅速地膨胀。市场经济建立后，我国劳动力的流动开始变得自由起来，农村的剩余劳动力开始大量向城市转移，这些农民进入城市后，他们从事着与农业完全不相关的工作，很多已经完全转变成为产业工人，但是，根据我国的户籍制度，他们仍然还具有着农村户籍，按户籍来看他们的身份仍然属于农民，因此，我们将其称为“农民工”。我国现有农民工数量已经超过2.4亿，然而就是这样一个庞大的利益群体，却时常和弱势群体这一概念联系在一起。由于我国教育资源严重向城市倾斜，农民工的受教育程度一般较低，法律意识淡薄，接受的职业技能培训较少，他们的就业信息来源相对狭窄，一般都通过亲友的推荐来实现就业，在进入城市就业时他们往往处于劳动力市场的劣势地位。他们一般也没有基本的社会保障，他们从事着脏累差的工作，却拿着更低的劳动报酬，他们在城市的就业中受到严重的不平等待遇。当然，作为他们最重要的权利之一，也作为他们进入城市最重要的追求之一，在法治社会的今天，我们理应给他们的劳动报酬权以完善的法律保护。但是，现实中并不那么美好，本文在开始阶段分析了我国农民工劳动报酬权保护的现状，主要关注到的现状是农民工被克扣、拖欠劳动报酬的现象大量存在，讨薪难问题突出，在讨薪的过程中，农民工一般采用非常规的手段来进行维权，较少的使用正规的法律手段，也即很少会用制度的方式来维护自己的合法权益，文中还介绍了主要的几种非常规的讨薪手段，例如通过集体上访、静坐、游行、拉条幅、阻塞交通等方式出现的群体性事件；或者在私力救济中采用暴力讨薪的方式来解决问题；当然，他们也时常会想到借助公权力来维护自己的合法权益，他们指望在讨薪过程中得到上级领导的批示，有的也在政府的各种不定期的运动式执法中讨回了自己的劳动报酬；或者，在无奈中他们也会采用自虐的方式来表达诉求，维护自己的合法权益。这些现状的出现是各方面原因共同作用的结果，本文分析了农民工自身受教育程度较低、法律意识淡薄等方面的原因，结合户籍制度分析认为在制度上的原因主要是城乡对立的二元户籍制度，它的长期存在造成了农民工的弱势地位，导致其权益容易受到侵害以及维权的现实困难性。本文重点分析了法律程序方面的原因，包括举证困难，法律程序复杂，法律维权成本高，雇主违法成本低，执行难等。结合所关注的农民工劳动报酬权保护的现状以及其原因，本文提出了相应的制度对策，如在义务教育阶段开始的普法宣传，用法律法规的形式规定电信、传媒等企业积极履行自己的社会责任，，加大农民工的普法力度；完善法律程序，以降低农民工的维权成本加大雇主的违法成本，扩大和完善工资支付保障制度，主要是扩大和完善农民工工资支付保证金制度和欠薪保障基金制度；构建完善的农民工法律援助制度；以及建立、健全农民工讨薪过程中的临时救济措施。本文试图能通过这些制度对策减少农民工劳动报酬权受侵害的发生，以及让农民工能在制度的框架内实现自己的劳保报酬权的法律保护。
[Abstract]:Emergence of the problem of migrant workers is a special phenomenon in China's current society, after the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, economic output has jumped second in the world, particularly the rapid development of city economy, the rapid development of the economy, the labor demand is also rapidly expanding. After the establishment of market economy, China's labor force the flow starts to become free, the rural surplus labor force began to transfer to the city, these farmers entering the city, they are engaged in a completely unrelated agricultural work, a lot has been completely transformed into industrial workers, however, according to China's household registration system, they are still has the rural household registration, household registration according to their point of view identity is still a farmer, therefore, we will call the "migrant workers". The current number of migrant workers has more than 240 million, but is such a large group of interests, but From time to time and contact the concept of vulnerable groups together. Because of our educational resources severely tilted to the city, the level of education of migrant workers is generally low, the awareness of the law, accept the occupation skill training less, their sources of employment information is relatively narrow, generally through the recommendation of friends and relatives and to achieve employment, employment in city they are often in a labor market disadvantage. They generally have no basic social security, they are engaged in dirty poor work, but with a lower remuneration for labor, they have serious unequal treatment in the city's employment. Of course, as one of their most important right, as one of them into the city the most important pursuit in the rule of law society, we should give them legal protection of labor remuneration right in order to perfect.
However, the reality is not so good, this paper analyzes the status quo of China's migrant workers labor rights protection in the early stage, the main attention to the situation of migrant workers is being withheld, arrears of remuneration phenomenon, pay talks difficult problems in the process of migrant workers Taoxin, generally using unconventional means to carry out the use of legal means to safeguard their rights, less formal, or rarely used system way to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the paper also introduces several main unconventional Taoxin means, such as through collective petition, meditation, parade, pulling banners, blocking traffic mode or in group events; the private relief in the use of violence Taoxin way to solve the problem; of course, they often think of using public power to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, they expect in the pay talks process to superiors Instructions, some also in form of law enforcement various government do not regularly recover their remuneration; or, they also will use masochistic way to express their demands in frustration, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The status quo is the interaction of various factors, this paper analyzes the migrant workers by their the low education level, legal consciousness and other aspects of the household registration system, combined with the analysis in the system is mainly due to two yuan of household registration system between urban and rural areas, its long-term existence caused the weak position of migrant workers, leading to the rights and interests of vulnerable to infringement andthe rights of the practical difficulties. This paper focuses on the analysis of the legal reasons the procedures, including the difficulties of proof, the complexity of the proceedings, the legal rights of the high cost of employers illegal low cost, difficult to implement.
With the concern of the migrant workers labor remuneration right to protect the status quo and the reasons, this paper has proposed the system corresponding countermeasures, such as at the beginning of the stage of compulsory education publicity, in the form of laws and regulations of the provisions of the telecommunications, media and other enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities, and migrant workers legal efforts to perfect the legal procedure, in order to reduce; the cost of rights of migrant workers to increase the cost of illegal employers, to expand and improve the wage payment security system, mainly to expand and improve the migrant workers wage protection fund guarantee system and wage payment system; construction of migrant workers legal aid system; establish and perfect, in the process of migrant workers Taoxin temporary relief measures. This paper can occur through these systems countermeasures to reduce the labor remuneration right of migrant workers against, and let migrant workers can achieve their own labor report within the framework of the system Legal protection of remuneration rights.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.5

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