用人单位劳动规章制度的立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 23:32

本文选题：劳动规章制度 + 立法缺陷　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：健康稳定的劳动关系是和谐社会的必然要求。在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,经过多年的经济改革,我国已由国企“一家独大”逐渐发展到私有企业并存、外资企业涌入的局面,劳动用工形式更加灵活。但由于我国在平衡、协调劳动关系的机制方面存在很多缺陷,如工会力量单薄,签订集体劳动合同的现象不普遍,以致单个的劳动者利益难以通过团体的意思去表达,其后果就是劳动者的个体权利很容易受到用人单位的侵害。因此,为促进劳动关系的平衡、协调发展,完善劳动关系的调整机制成为我国劳动立法的一个重要内容。正是在这样的背景下,本文的研究对象为用人单位内部的劳动规章制度。我国的《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》都规定用人单位有权利也有义务制定劳动规章制度,并且可在不支付任何经济补偿金的情形下,依据劳动规章制度解除劳动合同,从这个意义上来说,劳动规章制度又有法的规范功能,劳动者必须要遵守。实践中由于用人单位在形态、经营规模、行业性质等方面存在千差万别,法律不可能包罗万象,不可能用统一的劳动规章制度去要求不同的用人单位统一执行。况且我国目前劳动立法分散,尚没有形成完善的体系,劳动规章制度的立法设计存在很多缺陷,以致用人单位滥用单方解除权随意解除与劳动者的劳动关系,而仲裁机构和人民法院在裁判中很难形成统一的尺度,往往导致劳动者的合法权益无法得到应有的保护。论文围绕我国现行劳动立法在用人单位劳动规章制度方面存在的问题,有针对性地进行具体分析,然后针对缺陷问题提出完善意见,目的是为了保证用人单位制定和适用劳动规章制度不偏离法制的轨道,使劳动规章制度既能规范用工秩序,又能促进生产经营,还能保护劳动者的合法权益。文章总共分五个部分:第一部分是引言。第二部分论述用人单位劳动规章制度的概念,参考有代表性的定义加以分析,旨在明确劳动规章制度的内涵和外延。然后分析用人单位制定劳动规章制度应该遵守的原则,在该章节中,重点介绍有关劳动规章制度法律性质的学说,并对这些学说逐一评价,通过对比分析,笔者比较赞同“折衷说”。第三部分对我国用人单位劳动规章制度的立法现状和缺陷作具体分析。笔者首先对当前关于劳动规章制度的立法进行梳理,列举《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》以及一些地方性法规的规定,为下文分析立法缺陷作好铺垫。用人单位的劳动规章制度如果要合法有效,则必须要遵循制定主体合法、内容合法、程序合法的原则。通过列举我国法律规定,发现现行立法缺陷主要有以下几点:一是立法分散,条款过于原则;二是制定程序存在缺陷,表现在没有规定劳动者应当如何参与劳动规章制度的制定,以及参与协商时意见不统一该如何处理,还有劳动规章制度制定后该如何公示,如何让劳动者知悉等等;三是制定内容的缺失;四是违反用人单位劳动规章制度的严重程度实践中难以把握;五是实践中经常出现用人单位依据劳动规章制度对员工作出处罚,对于用人单位的处罚权问题,法律没有明确规定。第四部分论述如何完善用人单位劳动规章制度的立法。在对劳动规章制度立法完善的模式选择上,笔者的观点是可以首先制定关于劳动规章制度的司法解释,并从以下方面完善:一是明确用人单位制定劳动规章制度的合法性与合理性原则;二是明确劳动规章制度的制定程序,规范职工民主参与程序和公示程序,将公示程序修改为告知劳动者,让劳动者得以明白劳动规章制度的内容从而自觉遵守;三是明晰违反劳动规章制度“严重程度”的认定,统一仲裁和司法中的裁判标准;四是限制用人单位的单方处罚权,最后是完善劳动规章制度的备案制度,加强行政监督。第五部分是结束语。
[Abstract]:Healthy and stable labor relations is the inevitable requirement of the harmonious society. In the process of establishing a socialist market economy, after years of economic reform, China has made the "one" has gradually developed into private enterprises coexist, the influx of foreign-funded enterprises situation, employment forms more flexible. But because our country is in balance there are many defects of labor relations coordination mechanism, such as trade unions weak, sign collective labor contract is not universal, so that the individual interests of workers through the group to express the meaning of it, the result is that the individual rights of workers are vulnerable to employer infringement. Therefore, in order to promote the harmonious development of labor relations balance. Perfect, adjust the mechanism of labor relations has become an important content of labor legislation in our country. It is in this context, the research object of this paper is the employer inside The rules and regulations of labor. The labor law of our country < >, < > all provisions of the labor contract law the employer has the right and obligation to develop the labor regulations, and can not pay any economic compensation case, according to the rules and regulations of labor to terminate the labor contract, in this sense, the function of labor rules and norms the system and method, the workers must abide by. The employer in the form, the scale of operation in practice because of the existence of different industries, properties, the law can not be impossible with a uniform cover and contain everything, the rules and regulations of labor to different employers. Moreover, the uniform implementation of China's current labor legislation is still not dispersed, a perfect system, there are many defects in the legislation design of the labor regulations, so that the employer abuse of the right of rescission of labor relations and arbitrarily removed, and arbitration institutions and the people's courts It is difficult to form a unified standard in judgment, often leads to the legitimate rights and interests of workers can not get proper protection. The existing in the employing unit labor rules and regulations on China's current labor legislation, targeted for specific analysis, and then according to the problems put forward suggestions, the purpose is to guarantee the employer the formulation and application of the labor regulations do not deviate from the orbit of the legal system, the labor regulations can not only standardize the employment order, and can promote the production and operation, but also to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. This article is divided into five parts: the first part is introduction. The second part discusses the concept of the rules and regulations of labor units, refer to the representative definition to analyze the connotation and extension to clear the labor regulations. Then analyze the labor regulations should comply with the principle of the employer, in the chapter In the section, focuses on the legal character of the rules and regulations of labor theory, and the theory of each evaluation, through comparative analysis, the author agrees with the "compromise". The third part of the detailed analysis for the legislative status and defects of the rules and regulations of labor units in our country. The author of the current legislation on labor regulations combing the Labor Law lists < >, < > and the provisions of the labor contract law in some local regulations, pave the way for the following analysis of the legislative defects. The employing unit labor rules and regulations if valid, must follow the development of the main legal, legitimate content, principle of legal procedure. Through the list of China's law, found the shortcomings of legislation mainly has the following several points: one is the scattered legislation, provisions are too principle; two is to develop program defects in no provisions where the employee shall participate in labor. Chapter setting system, and participate in the negotiation is not a unified opinion on how to handle, and labor regulations how to let workers know how to publicity, and so on; the three is the lack of development of the content; four is difficult to grasp the extent of violation of the rules and regulations of labor practice units; the five is the practice often appear in a punishment the staff of the employer according to the labor regulations, the penalty power of the employer, there is no explicit legal provisions. The fourth part discusses how to improve the employing unit labor rules and regulations in the legislation of labor regulations. In choice of legislation mode, the author's point of view is first formulated on labor regulations in the judicial system explain and improve in the following aspects: one is the principle of legality and rationality of the employing units to make the rules and regulations of labor; the two is to make clear of the labor regulations Procedures, procedures and norms of employees' democratic participation publicity program, publicity program modified to inform the workers, so that workers can understand the contents of the labor regulations to abide by; three is a clear violation of the rules and regulations of labor finds "severity", unified arbitration and the division method of the referee standards; four is the limit for the right to unilaterally punished people the last is the filing system to improve labor rules and regulations, strengthen administrative supervision. The fifth part is the conclusion.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.5

【参考文献】