我国当前贫富两极分化问题的法律矫治

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:33

本文选题：贫富两极分化 + 危害　；参考：《武汉工程大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国国民生产总值年年增长，人民生活水平有了很大的提高。但随着我国经济的发展，不同的社会群体间可支配资金的增长速度不一样。无论是在城镇之间、城乡之间，还是地区之间、行业之间，贫富两极分化现象都有较为明显的体现。贫富两极分化现象影响了个人生存和发展的权利，使社会整体利益无法得到保障，不利于市场经济的公平竞争，更影响了社会的稳定。根据马克思主义理论，社会中的贫富两极分化现象是由于社会财富没有得到较好的分配，以及社会中存在着资本与劳动的对立而造成的。在我国，由于我国经济制度存在弊端、法制的不健全、垄断现象的存在、政策具有局限性以及不同地区的客观条件的差异，导致了我国出现贫富两极分化的现象。为此，在借鉴美国、俄罗斯、日本、德国为缓解其国家贫富两极分化的立法的基础上，我国在现有政策的配合下，应通过法律确保缓解贫富两极分化现象的措施得到切实执行，对缓解贫富两极分化现象的措施进行专门的立法。我国可以通过制定《社会救助法》，维护困难群体最基本的生活水平，并对现有的《个人所得税法》、《物权法》、《反垄断法》、《劳动法》、《公司法》及行政管理法规中的相关内容进行修改。在《个人所得税法》中规定我国对个人所得税的征收标准除了依据不同的收入类别，还应考虑纳税人整个家庭的收入等相关情况，免税项目采取列举制，并每个纳税者制定信息库。在《物权法》中，增加对征收、征用个人住宅的补偿金或安置措施的具体规定。在《反垄断法》中，对自然垄断行业的范围、业务进行规定并对垄断行业的收入分配方法进行专门规定，防止垄断行业利用自身优势地位，获得畸高收入，造成社会贫富两极分化。在《劳动法》中，应该对拖欠农民工工资的解决方法制定详细措施，并增加“禁止用人单位提出与工作性质无关要求”的规定，，使每个有相应能力的公民都能找到合适的工作。在《公司法》中，明确禁止国有独资公司的有关人员在其它经济组织中兼职。在行政管理法规中，增加对贫困地区额外资金补贴制度的规定，并加强我国反垄断委员会的作用。在司法方面，应当完善我国司法救济程序，为贫困者提供法律援助，并在人民法院设立专门的反垄断法庭，严厉打击垄断现象。从而逐步消除贫富两极分化现象。让社会上的每一个公民的生活水平都能得到相同水平的提高。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the gross national product of our country has increased year by year and the living standard of the people has been greatly improved.However, with the development of Chinese economy, the growth rate of disposable funds among different social groups is different.The polarization between the rich and the poor is evident between cities and towns, between urban and rural areas, and between regions and industries.The polarization between the rich and the poor affects the individual's right of survival and development, makes the whole social interests unsafeguarded, is not conducive to the fair competition of the market economy, and also affects the stability of the society.According to Marxist theory, the polarization between the rich and the poor in the society is caused by the fact that the social wealth is not well distributed and the opposition between capital and labor exists in the society.In our country, due to the malpractice of our country's economic system, the imperfect legal system, the existence of monopoly, the limitation of policy and the difference of objective conditions in different regions, the phenomenon of polarization between the rich and the poor appears in our country.Therefore, on the basis of drawing lessons from the legislation of the United States, Russia, Japan and Germany to alleviate the polarization between the rich and the poor in their countries, our country, with the cooperation of existing policies, should adopt laws to ensure that measures to alleviate the phenomenon of polarization between the rich and the poor are effectively implemented.Special legislation will be made on measures to alleviate the polarization between the rich and the poor.Our country can maintain the most basic standard of living of the disadvantaged groups through the formulation of the "Law on Social Assistance".The relevant contents of the existing personal income tax Law, Real right Law, Anti-monopoly Law, Labor Law, Company Law and Administrative regulations are amended.In the personal income tax Law, it is stipulated that the standard of levying personal income tax in our country should not only be based on different income categories, but also take into account the relevant circumstances such as the income of the taxpayer's entire family, and the tax-exempt items should adopt an enumeration system.And each tax payer makes an information base.In the Real right Law, specific provisions on compensation or placement measures for expropriation and requisition of personal residence are added.In the Anti-Monopoly Law, the scope and business of the natural monopoly industry and the method of income distribution in the monopoly industry are specifically regulated, so as to prevent the monopoly industry from taking advantage of its dominant position to obtain exceptionally high income.Cause the polarization of the rich and the poor in the society.In the Labor Law, detailed measures should be made to solve the problem of migrant workers' wages in arrears, and the stipulation of "prohibiting employers from making requests unrelated to the nature of the work" should be added, so that every citizen with the corresponding ability can find a suitable job.In the Company Law, it is expressly prohibited for the relevant personnel of a wholly-owned state-owned company to work part-time in other economic organizations.In the administrative regulations, we should increase the stipulation of the system of extra capital subsidy to the poor areas, and strengthen the role of our country's antimonopoly committee.In the judicial aspect, we should perfect our judicial relief procedure, provide legal aid to the poor, and set up a special antitrust court in the people's court to crack down on monopoly phenomenon.Thus gradually eliminate the polarization between the rich and the poor.So that the standard of living of every citizen in society can be improved by the same level.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F124.7

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