工伤保险赔偿与侵权损害赔偿的竞合研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 10:51

本文选题：工伤 + 工伤保险　；参考：《江西农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于我国飞速发展的经济和不断深入的工业化建设,现代机器的使用在逐年递增,劳动者面临的风险也不断增加,从而导致工伤事故的发生率不断升高,而且已经发展成我们无法忽视的社会问题。工伤事故发生的多,涉及到的人群数量也越来越多,这使得在事故发生后,如何对受害者进行补偿这一问题亟待我们去解决。由于工伤事故的赔偿既可以由《工伤保险条例》调整,又可由《侵权责任法》调整,而我们从各国对这个问题的处理现状中可以发现:解决这个问题的关键之处就在于处理好二者之间的适用关系。然而我国目前关于工伤事故赔偿的法律制度相对较少,在侵权法中也没有对工伤侵权赔偿做出规定,劳动法对此规定也仅限于工伤保险,并且适用范围十分有限。而在如何处理两者之间的关系的问题上,我国法律还没对此问题有过明文规定,同时仅有的规定之间还存在一定的矛盾。因此我们可以想象受害人在发生工伤事故后会发生一种两难的局面。可见,工伤事故赔偿的法律机制的缺乏将带来严重的社会问题,同时会引起广泛的社会关注。因此笔者将会着眼于此并在下文中展开讨论。除去绪论与结论,本文分为四个部分。第一部分对相关概念,如“工伤”、“工伤保险赔偿”、“侵权损害赔偿”等进行了界定。然后对这两种救济方式进行了比较,第一是法的价值目标不同,第二是二者的归责原则不同,第三是二者的功能不同,第四是赔偿范围和标准不同,第五是二者救济程序不同。最后本部分还阐述了二者发生竞合的原因。接着第二部分笔者着重阐述了我国在此问题上现存的相关法律法规,同时分析了其中存在的不足之处。然后在第三部分中简述了对这个问题各国的处理模式主要有“选择模式”、“替代模式”、“兼得模式”与“补充模式”,并分析了这几种模式的利与弊。最后第四部分综合外国的处理模式,借鉴国外的经验,探讨适用于我国的处理模式。本文的创新之处在于,对工伤保险赔偿与侵权损害赔偿进行了较为全面的比较,提出根据工伤发生的不同的原因,采取不同的处理方式,也就是从无第三人侵权的情况和有第三人介入两方面分析,无第三人情况下又细分为雇主无过失及雇主有过失的情况。并且本文不是采取单一的某种模式解决此问题,而是根据各种模式的优点进行整合与改良从而得出结论。在尽可能的维护受害人的权益的同时协调劳动者以及用人单位的关系,从而构建和谐的劳动关系。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of economy and the deepening industrialization of our country, the use of modern machines is increasing year by year, and the risks faced by workers are also increasing, which leads to the increasing incidence of industrial accidents. And has developed into a social problem that we cannot ignore. The number of people involved in industrial accidents is more and more, which makes it urgent for us to solve the problem of how to compensate the victims after the accidents. As compensation for industrial accidents can be adjusted by the Industrial injury Insurance Ordinance and the Tort liability Act, We can find out from the current situation of dealing with this problem in various countries: the key to solve this problem is to deal with the applicable relationship between them. However, there are relatively few legal systems on compensation for industrial accidents in our country at present, and there is no provision for compensation for industrial injury infringement in tort law, which is limited to industrial injury insurance by labor law, and its scope of application is very limited. However, on how to deal with the relationship between the two, the law of our country has not clearly stipulated the problem, and there are still some contradictions between the only provisions. So we can imagine a dilemma for the victim after the accident. It can be seen that the lack of legal mechanism for compensation for industrial accidents will bring serious social problems and cause widespread social concern. Therefore, I will focus on this and in the following discussion. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part defines the related concepts, such as industrial injury, industrial injury insurance compensation, tort damages and so on. Then the author compares the two kinds of relief methods. The first is the different value goal of the law, the second is the different imputation principle, the third is the function of the two, the fourth is the compensation scope and the standard, and the fifth is the difference of the relief procedure between the two. Finally, this part also explains the reason of the two competing. Then the second part focuses on the existing laws and regulations on this issue, and analyzes the shortcomings. Then, in the third part, the author briefly describes the modes of dealing with this problem in various countries, such as "choice mode", "substitute mode", "both acquisitive mode" and "complementary mode", and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these models. Finally, the fourth part synthesizes the foreign treatment mode, draws lessons from the foreign experience, and probes into the treatment mode suitable for our country. The innovation of this paper is that the compensation of industrial injury insurance is compared with the compensation of tort damage, and the different ways of dealing with it are put forward according to the different causes of industrial injury. That is from the situation of no third party infringement and the third person involved in two aspects of analysis, no third person situation and subdivided into the employer no fault and the employer has fault situation. And this paper does not adopt a single model to solve this problem, but according to the advantages of various models to integrate and improve to draw a conclusion. While protecting the rights and interests of the victims as much as possible to coordinate the relationship between workers and employers to build a harmonious labor relationship.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.55

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