职业安全与工伤赔偿的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 03:45

本文选题：职业安全 + 工伤保险　；参考：《东北财经大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来，工矿事故频见报端。尤其从2004年下半年开始，10人以上和30人以上特别重大事故频繁发生。辽宁作为我国典型的工业大省，职业安全问题尤为突出。本文将在现有职业安全立法和监察等事前预防机制给定的前提下，在逆向选择和道德风险框架内研究作为事后救助机制的工伤保险对职业安全有什么样的影响，从而给出我省安全生产工作的政策建议。本文认为，虽然工伤保险在经过从劳动者责任原则、雇主过失赔偿原则过渡到无过失赔偿原则的发展过程后，逐步的完善了其在分散职业安全风险方面的作用。但因为存在不对称信息，所以在职业安全和工伤保险市场上存在着逆向选择和道德风险问题。在一定工资率和企业安全投入的情况下，工伤赔偿水平的提高会降低工人的事故防范意识，并且会诱使其诈伤或把工作之外的伤病报告为工伤，从而增加了工伤事故报告的数量。另外，提供工伤事故报告还要经过复杂的医疗证明、填写表格以及在监控条件下进行诊断，因而会产生时间和资源上的成本。工伤赔偿水平的提高还使得工人尽量延长自己的康复期，而对此进行监督则需要提供复杂的医疗诊断、仲裁证据，甚至会延误工伤赔偿的支付，从而违背工伤保险的初衷。另一方面，如果工伤赔偿要参照企业事故的历史记录来制定，那么发生事故后赔偿水平的提高会增加企业的成本，因而企业在工人防范措施给定情况下会改进自己的安全防范措施。而且，赔偿水平越高，企业就越有动机推翻这个报告，从而减少了事故报告的数量。因此，赔偿水平对事故报告数量的影响就是不确定的。另外，员工和企业对于职业风险的认识也会影响保险和安全水平。在某些情况下，认识错误会产生次优保险水平，但在安全措施方面过度。工人对风险的低估使得企业有必要实施强制性保险，但由于工人会用安全的工作换取高工资，安全的水平可能因此而下降。所以本文给出如下建议：一、在进一步加强安全立法和安全监察的基础上，应当在安全生产和工伤保险领域，尽快引入商业运作机制，以改善现有工伤保险中信息不完全的缺陷。在坚持和完善工伤社会保险制度的同时，积极发展雇主责任险、人身意外伤害险以及其它商业险种，使二者相辅相成，共同服务和促进我国的安全生产工作。二、借鉴德国工伤保险同业协会的模式，本着风险共担的原则，选择伤亡事故多发、安全生产任务比较繁重的行业和领域，如煤矿、非煤矿山、危化品、烟花爆竹、建筑施工等，探索和实行工伤事故同业保险，设立行业性工伤保险基金。在保险基金的使用方向上，分别用于工伤预防、医疗康复和事故伤害赔偿三个方面，形成保险与预防紧密结合的工伤保险机制。三、在产业层次上，要严格贯彻安全生产标准的实施，规范企业的生产能力的核定工作，组建大型企业集团，联合改造小企业。全面提高从业队伍的整体素质，提高工人的风险意识，，实施工人队伍准入制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, industrial and mining accidents have been reported. Especially from the second half of 2004, more than 10 people and more than 30 special major accidents occur frequently. As a typical industrial province in China, the problem of occupational safety is particularly prominent. This article will be in the reverse selection and in the context of the given preventive mechanism, such as the existing occupational safety legislation and supervision. In the framework of moral hazard, the impact of industrial injury insurance on occupational safety as an aftercare mechanism is studied, and the policy suggestions for the work of safety production in our province are given.
This article holds that, although industrial injury insurance has gradually improved its role in the risk of dispersing occupational safety after the transition from the principle of workers' responsibility, the principle of employer negligence compensation to the principle of no fault compensation, but because of the existence of asymmetric information, there is a reverse choice in the safety of job industry and the industrial injury insurance market. And the problem of moral hazard. In the case of a certain wage rate and the safety input of the enterprise, the improvement of the compensation level of the industrial injury will reduce the worker's awareness of accident prevention, and will induce the injury or the injury other than the work to be reported as a work injury, thus increasing the number of reports of the accident accident. In addition, the report of providing industrial injury accidents is also complicated. The medical certificate, the form and the diagnosis under the monitoring conditions will result in the time and the cost of the resources. The improvement of the level of compensation for industrial injuries also allows the workers to extend their recovery period as much as possible, and the supervision of this need to provide complex medical diagnosis, arbitration evidence, and even delay the payment of compensation for industrial injuries, thereby violated. On the other hand, if the compensation for industrial injury should be made according to the historical record of the enterprise accident, the improvement of the compensation level after the accident will increase the cost of the enterprise, so the enterprise will improve its own safety precautions in the given circumstances of the workers' precaution. Moreover, the higher the compensation level, the more dynamic the enterprise will be. As the machine overturns the report, it reduces the number of accident reports. Therefore, the impact of the compensation level on the number of reports of the accident is uncertain. In addition, the awareness of employees and businesses on occupational risks also affects the level of insurance and safety. In some cases, understanding errors will produce suboptimal insurance levels, but over the safety measures. The underestimation of the risk makes it necessary for the enterprise to carry out compulsory insurance, but the level of safety may decrease as a result of the workers' safe work in exchange for high wages. Therefore, this article gives the following suggestions: first, on the basis of further strengthening of safety legislation and safety supervision, it should be done in the field of safety production and industrial injury insurance, and should be done in the field of safety production and industrial injury insurance. In order to improve the imperfect information in the existing industrial injury insurance, it will improve the incomplete information on the existing industrial injury insurance. While adhering to and perfecting the social insurance system for industrial injury, we actively develop the employer's liability insurance, the personal accident insurance and other commercial risks, and make the two mutually complementary, serve and promote the work of safety in our country. Two, draw on the German workers. The mode of injury insurance association association, in line with the principle of risk sharing, choose the heavy casualty accident and more heavy industries and fields, such as coal mine, non coal mine, dangerous chemical, fireworks, construction and so on, explore and implement industrial injury accident insurance, set up industrial injury insurance fund. The use direction of insurance fund. On the three aspects of industrial injury prevention, medical rehabilitation and accident injury compensation respectively, the work injury insurance mechanism which is closely combined with insurance and prevention is formed. Three, at the industrial level, the implementation of safety production standards should be strictly implemented, the verification work of the production capacity of the enterprises is standardized, the large enterprise groups are formed and the small enterprises are reformed in an all-round way. The overall quality of the workforce, the awareness of workers' risk and the implementation of workers' access system.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.5;F842.6

【参考文献】