劳动基准和集体合同——对劳动法实现公平与效率价值方式的思考

发布时间：2018-05-11 22:14

本文选题：劳动 + 基准　；参考：《西南政法大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：公平与效率是人类社会存在和发展的永恒主题，都是法律的重要的追求价值。两者的关系如何、两者之中何者优先、能否达到统一、在什么层次上达到统一等问题，从来没有统一的定论。具体到劳动法律关系中，公平与效率同是劳动法追求的目标，是劳动法基本的价值取向和立法目，我们如何处理两者在劳动法律关系中的地位?本文试从两个层次上加以论述。首先，公平是劳动法的重要价值选择，劳动法以劳动者基本权为中心，维护劳动者合法权益是劳动法恒定的价值追求。但是在当代效率背景下，劳动法追求公平的同时，不应忽视效率价值的实现。笔者认为，我们不应抛开具体的历史阶段、生产力发展水平、不同的国家、不同的社会制度等各种因素空谈两者的关系。我们也不可能对公平与效率的和谐关系的确立提出一个静态的量化的协调基准，两者的关系随着诸多决定因素而处于一个相对的动态的变化之中。因此我们对公平与效率的协调不应苛求一个永恒不变的标准，而应立足于历史，把握好现实，以动态的视线考察，根据不同历史阶段劳动立法的不同价值追求、社会不同发展时期对公平的要求与对效率的要求的两种力量对比进行选择。只有采取这样的动态协调基准，其结果才能是符合特定历史阶段的社会发展要求。因此，脱离具体的历史背景空谈“公平优先”或者“效率优先”都不能正确的反映两者的客观联系。公平与效率的协调基准不是一成不变的统一的放之万世而皆准的，而是应紧跟历史的发展步伐，根据不同时期的要求采取不同的协调基准。其次，本文在论述了劳动立法对于公平与效率的价值选择后，在第二个层面上进一步指出在维护公平的同时如何促使效率最优化。劳动基准和集体合同，作为劳动法实现公平的两种主要手段，却对效率有着不同的影响。在当代效率背景下，劳动法应选择更能在维护公平的同时促进效率最优化的集体合同做为调整劳动法律关系的主要手段。立足我国国情，结合先进国家的立法例，我国对劳动关系的调控应以集体合同为主、劳动基准为辅。我国只应在最低限度内规定劳动标准，充分尊重劳资双方合意，实现公平与效率两种价值的动态协调关系。本文共分为四部分，共计三万字。全文分为引言和正文两大部分。在引言部分，本文指出，在劳动法律关系中处理公平和效率两者的关系时，不应脱离不同的时代背景、生产力发展水平及其他具体因素，从理论上空泛的抽象的谈论两者关系，不应割裂两者的有机联系，不应片面的主张效率优先或公平优先而忽视两者的良性互动、相互促进的内在联系。笔者认为，本文对公平与效率关系的论述应将其具体置放在劳动法律关系中考察，结合劳动法的立法目的和价值追求对其做出论述。本文第一部分首先从法理学的角度对公平与效率进行了界定，然后进一步指出在劳动法律关系中如何协调两者的关系。笔者从劳动立法的不同历史阶段对公平与效率的价值选择以及劳动法和社会保障法的立法目的的本质差别这两个方面论述了在当代效率背景下，要求劳动法在追求公平时，要以最能促使效率最优化的方式作为，效率已经成为当代劳动法的重要价值取向。本文第二部分用法律经济分析的方法对劳动基准和集体合同这两种调整劳动法律关系的重要手段进行了分析。在劳动基准方面，以最低工资制度为例，通过对劳资双方的效率影响，指出过高的劳动基准不利于效率价值的实现。指出相对于劳动基准，集体合同在肩负实现公平价值的同时，更能通过促使劳资双方作为契约主体的实质平等而实现契约自由，在追求公平的道路中显得更具灵活性，更符合现代社会对效率的要求。因此，在调整劳动法律关系的两种手段中，我国应以集体合同为主、劳动基准为辅。本文第三部分对当代效率背景下我国劳动基准和集体合同制度进行了思考并指出了存在的某些尚需改进之处。在劳动基准部分，对于如何正确对待发达国家提倡的国际劳工标准进行了重点阐述，指出我们应充分认识到发达国家将劳动基准与自由贸易相结合的政治、经济上的目的，指出脱离一国国情的过高的劳动基准会提高资方成本、削弱该国产品在国际市场上的竞争力。在集体合同制度部分，对我国订立集体合同的主体一工会及罢工权进行了分析。本文第四部分为结语。对本文的主要内容进行了总结。
[Abstract]:Fairness and efficiency are the eternal theme of the existence and development of human society, all of which are the important pursuit value of the law. What is the relationship between them, the priority of the two, the unity and the level of unity, etc., there has never been a unified conclusion. In the legal relationship of labor, fairness and efficiency are the same as the pursuit of labor law. The goal is the basic value orientation and the legislative order of the labor law. How do we deal with the position of the two in the labor law relationship? This article tries to discuss it from two levels. First, it is the important value choice of labor law, the labor law takes the basic rights of workers as the center, and the maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of the workers is the constant value of the labor law. But in the context of contemporary efficiency, while the labor law is pursuing fairness, we should not ignore the realization of the efficiency value. I believe that we should not open up the relationship between the specific historical stage, the level of productivity development, the different countries, different social systems and other factors. We can not be in harmony with fairness and efficiency. The establishment of the department puts forward a static and quantitative coordination benchmark, and the relationship between the two is in a relative dynamic change with many determinants. Therefore, we should not seek an immutable standard for the coordination of fairness and efficiency, but should be based on history, grasp the reality, look at the dynamic line of sight, and according to the different calendar. The different value pursuit of the labor legislation in the history stage, the comparison between the demands of fairness and the requirements of efficiency in different periods of social development, only by adopting such a dynamic coordination benchmark, can the result be in accordance with the social development requirements of the specific historical stage. Therefore, the "fair priority" is separated from the specific historical background. "" or "efficiency priority" can not correctly reflect the objective relationship between the two. The harmonization of fairness and efficiency is not uniform and unified, but should follow the pace of history and take different coordination benchmarks according to the requirements of different periods.
Secondly, after discussing the value selection of labor legislation for fairness and efficiency, this paper further points out the two main means to realize fairness as labor law, but it has different influence on efficiency in second levels. Under the condition of our country and the legislation of advanced countries, the regulation of labor relations should be based on collective contract, and the labor standard is supplemented. Our country should only stipulate labor within the minimum limit, based on the national conditions of our country and the legislation of advanced countries. We should fully respect the dynamic coordination between the two values of equity and efficiency.
This article is divided into four parts, a total of thirty thousand words. The full text is divided into two parts, the introduction and the main body.
In the introduction part, this paper points out that the relationship between fairness and efficiency in labor law relations is closely related.
We should not be divorced from the background of different times, the level of productivity development and other specific factors.
On the abstract discussion of the relationship between the two sides, we should not separate the two from the organic aspect, and should not be one-sided.
We should advocate efficiency first or fair priority, but ignore the positive interaction and mutual promotion between them.
The author holds that the relationship between fairness and efficiency should be placed in the labor legal relationship.
The purpose of this study is to discuss the legislative purpose and value pursuit of labor law.
The first part of this article defines fairness and efficiency from the perspective of jurisprudence.
One step is to point out how to coordinate the relationship between them in the labor legal relationship.
The value choice of fairness and efficiency in the historical stage and the legislative purpose of labor law and social security law.
In the two aspects of the essential difference, it is discussed that under the contemporary efficiency background, the labor law is required to pursue fairness.
When efficiency is the most effective way, efficiency has become the focus of contemporary labor law.
Value orientation.
In the second part, two types of labor standards and collective contracts are analyzed by means of legal economic analysis.
The important means of adjusting labor legal relationship were analyzed.
The system, for example, points out that excessive labor standards are not conducive to efficiency by influencing the efficiency of employers and employees.
The realization of value. It points out that the collective contract bears the same value as the labor standard.
It is better to realize the freedom of contract by promoting the equality between employers and employees as the main body of contract.
In a fair way, it appears more flexible and more suitable for the efficiency of modern society.
In the two means of adjusting labor legal relations, China should take collective contracts as its main priority and labor standards as auxiliary.
The third part of this article carries out the system of labor standards and collective contracts under the background of contemporary efficiency.
Some points for improvement are also pointed out.
We must focus on the international labour standards advocated by developed countries, and point out that we should fully recognize them.
Recognizing the political and economic objectives of developed countries integrating labor standards with free trade.
The excessively high labor standards which are divorced from the national conditions will raise the cost of capital and weaken the products of the country in the international market.
In the part of the collective contract system, the main body of the collective contract is set up in China.
And the right to strike was analyzed.
The fourth part is the conclusion. The main contents of this article are summarized.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D922.5

【引证文献】