我国职工公司治理权法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:24

本文选题：治理权 + 职工参与　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：职工公司治理权是一个热点也是一个难点问题。计划经济时代,国有、国营企业占据绝对控制的地位,企业职工以“工人阶级主人翁”的地位参与公司治理。职工在企业中享有极其重要的地位及较大的职权,但那是市场不太完善的情况下的治理,带有浓厚的行政色彩。当前国有企业都逐渐改制成为符合市场要求的公司制度,并且出现了合资公司、合作公司、上市公司、一人有限公司等以前未曾出现的公司模式,这对传统的模式是一个极大的挑战,企业职工的利益和原有职权受到极大的冲击。正因为各种要素都在生产中发挥了相应的作用,而资本作为最基础的要素占据了重要的位置,从而出现了资本要素至上的观念,拥有资本的人拥有公司的治理权,原有的工人(职工)的权力逐渐弱化。但是,我国是社会主义制度,当然不可忽视工人阶级作为国有企业主人的地位,职工理所应该地享有相应的职权,这与现代公司制度及治理模式并不是水火不相容的。我国的公司法中虽然明确了职工在企业中扮演着相当重要的角色,作为企业雇员,职工有权依法组织工会,维护自身合法权益,职工代表大会在涉及职工切身利益问题上应具有与公司领导进行对话和协商的权利；作为重大利益相关者,职工有权选举代表进入董事会参与决策,进入监事会监督决策执行。但是在现实中,职工参与公司治理对公司实际控制人的制约力度远远不够,在很多情况下甚至成为摆设。本文从法学的角度,着重围绕职工公司治理权的实现进行由一般到具体的写作方式进行探讨第一章：职工公司治理权的理论基础。这一章对职工公司治理权的含义、特征和现实意义进行分步介绍,然后通过对各种理论学说的分析和比较,指出法学意义上职工公司治理权的内涵及其特征：职工参与公司治理权,是在广义的公司治理范围之内讨论的,是指职工通过一定方式、在一定程度上介入公司决策过程,从而影响决策结果、监督决策实施的民主参与治理权利制度。职工公司治理权的性质表现为职工通过权利过渡到权力的方式来影响公司决策以实现自身的特殊利益需求。其主要法律特点为公司普通职工以参与的方式融入到公司的管理中,并能适应时代的需求体现出一定的合法性和广泛性。且职工公司治理权受到经济民主理论、人力资本理论、社会责任理论和利益相关者理论等理论的支撑。第二章：职工公司治理权立法的比较法考察。重点对前南斯拉夫、德国、日本、美国等几种具有代表性的国家的职工公司治理立法和实践进行介绍,然后进行比较分析和归纳,将其分为集体谈判模式、工人委员会模式、参与内部管理模式和集体小组自治制度,并分别指出每种形式的特点和利弊,最后在总结中指出职工公司治理权都拥有在一定思想理论指导下被合法化的一种具有广泛形式并服从于客观条件的共性,并对我国的职工公司治理权有一定的借鉴意义。第三章：我国的职工公司治理权立法的现状分析。分别通过从《宪法》、《劳动法》、《工会法》和《公司法》及相关法规制度三个层次对我国的职工公司治理权的现状进行分析,这三个层面的法律的修改进程也分别隐射出了我国职工公司治理权实践中的各种模式的发展,如职工代表大会制度、工会制度、职工进入内部管理制度、职工持股制度等。通过综合分析指出我国立法缺陷的原因是由于法规间的冲突、所有制立法范围的不同和执行上的形式化等问题所引起,最后对整个立法进行反思和总结,并引出我国职工公司治理权所希冀的合理构建。第四章：我国职工公司治理权的立法完善。主要讨论我国职工公司治理权的现实条件、立法限度、模式选择及保障措施。指出我国是社会主义国家,有独特的经济体制和国情,在职工治理权方面也有传统理念的根基,国外的立法思想在运用到我国实际的职工公司治理方面需要做出适当抉择,我国职工治理权的保护方面不应受到利益相关者模式的干扰,应构建职工参与权模式下的职工代表大会制度和工会制度为基础的合理机制,并加强职工代表进入公司机关行使决策的参与机制等相关配套模式。在建设职工代表大会制度方面,需要对相关法规进行统一规范并对其涉及范围进行扩大,以增强职工代表大会的职能,还要协调好职代会与新三会和工会的关系；在完善工会制度方面,需要提升工会的法律地位并对工会的基本职能、环境建设和协调机制等方面进行加强；在职工董监事方面需要从设置、人员选任、代表性质和权限保障等方面进行合理设置。在职工治理权的救济方面则应明确不当行为内容和赋予职工诉权。综上各个方面都需要形成一套完整的制度,以保障职工公司治理权的实现。
[Abstract]:The management right of the staff and workers is a hot and difficult problem. In the era of planned economy, state owned enterprises occupy the position of absolute control, the employees of the enterprises take part in the corporate governance with the status of "working class master". The workers enjoy extremely important position and great power in the enterprise, but that is the situation that the market is not perfect. At present, the state-owned enterprises have gradually changed into the company system that meets the requirements of the market, and there are joint ventures, cooperative companies, listed companies, one limited company and other companies that have not appeared before. This is a great challenge to the traditional model, the interests and the original of the employees. Power has been greatly impacted. It is precisely because all kinds of elements have played a corresponding role in production, and capital occupies an important position as the most basic element, thus the concept of capital essential, the owner of capital has the right to govern the company, and the power of the original workers (workers) is gradually weakened. However, our country is a society. The institutionalism system, of course, should not ignore the position of the working class as the owner of the state-owned enterprise, and the staff and workers should enjoy the corresponding functions and powers, which are not incompatible with the modern company system and the governance model.
In the company law of our country, it is clear that employees play a very important role in the enterprise. As employees, employees have the right to organize trade unions according to law and maintain their legitimate rights and interests. The staff congress should have the right to talk and negotiate with the leadership of the company in relation to the vital interests of the staff and workers; as a major stakeholder, The workers have the right to vote for the representatives to enter the board of directors to participate in the decision-making, and to enter the board of supervisors to supervise and implement the decision. However, in reality, the constraints of the employees' participation in corporate governance are far from enough and even in many cases. A discussion of the way to specific writing
The first chapter is the theoretical basis of the management right of the employee company. This chapter introduces the meaning, the characteristics and the practical significance of the management right of the staff and workers, and then points out the connotation and characteristics of the corporate governance right of the staff and workers through the analysis and comparison of various theories and theories: the workers' participation in corporate governance is a broad company. The discussion within the scope of governance refers to the workers' involvement in the decision-making process in a certain way, to a certain extent, to influence the decision results, and to supervise the democratic participation in the system of governance rights. The nature of the management rights of the staff and workers is to affect the company's decision-making by means of the transition from rights to power. The main legal characteristics are that the common staff of the company are integrated into the management of the company in the way of participation, and can adapt to the needs of the times and reflect certain legality and universality. And the management rights of the staff and workers are supported by the theory of economic democracy, human capital theory, social responsibility theory and stakeholder theory. Support.
The second chapter: a comparative study of the legislation of the employees' corporate governance. It focuses on the legislation and practice of the employees' corporate governance in several representative countries, such as the former Yugoslavia, Germany, Japan and the United States, and then makes a comparative analysis and induction, and divides it into a collective bargaining model, a worker Committee model, and a participation in the internal management model. The collective group autonomy system, respectively, points out the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each form. Finally, in the summary, it is pointed out that the corporate governance rights of the staff and workers have the generality which is legalized under the guidance of a certain ideological and theoretical guidance and are subject to the objective conditions, and has certain reference significance to the management rights of the staff and workers in our country.
The third chapter is the analysis of the current situation of the legislation of the employees' corporate governance in our country. The present situation of the management rights of the employees in China is analyzed from three levels, including the constitution > the labor law > the labor law > the trade union law > the company law and the relevant regulations and regulations. The three levels of the law modification also reveal the corporate governance of the staff and workers in our country. The development of various modes in the practice of right, such as the system of the staff congress, the trade union system, the staff entering the internal management system and the employee stock ownership system. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is pointed out that the reasons for the legislative defects in our country are caused by the conflicts between the laws and regulations, the differences in the scope of the legislation and the formalization of the implementation, and the last to the whole Legislation is reviewed and summed up, and the rational construction of the right of corporate governance is proposed.
The fourth chapter: the legislative perfection of the management rights of the workers and workers in our country. It mainly discusses the actual conditions, the limitation of legislation, the choice of the mode and the safeguard measures. It is pointed out that China is a socialist country, with a unique economic system and national conditions, and the foundation of the traditional ideas in the administrative rights of the workers and workers. It is necessary to make appropriate decisions on the management of the employees' companies in China. The protection of the rights and workers of the workers in our country should not be disturbed by the stakeholder model. We should build a reasonable mechanism based on the staff congress system and the trade union system under the mode of employee participation, and strengthen the decision of the staff representatives to enter the company organs. In the construction of the staff congress system, it is necessary to standardize the relevant laws and regulations and expand the scope of the relevant regulations in order to enhance the functions of the staff congress and to coordinate the relationship between the professional conference and the new three meeting and the trade union; in the improvement of the trade union system, the law of the trade union should be improved. Law status and strengthen the basic functions of trade unions, environmental construction and coordination mechanism, and other aspects of the staff and supervisors should be set up reasonably from the aspects of setting, selecting and appointing personnel, the nature of the representative and the protection of rights and so on. In the relief of the workers' right of workers and staff, the contents of misconduct and the rights to appeal to the workers should be clearly defined. All of them need to form a complete system to ensure the realization of employees' right to corporate governance.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】