论我国反就业基因歧视法律制度的完善

发布时间：2018-06-08 10:08

本文选题：就业 + 基因歧视　；参考：《广东财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类基因组计划实施的初期,一个研究伦理、法律和社会问题的子计划同步产生,有识之士们担心随着人体更多遗传密码的破解,会给人类带来伦理道德和法律方面的挑战。目前在就业和保险领域出现的基因歧视有力的证明了当初人们的担忧并非杞人忧天。就业基因歧视是用人单位基于劳动者身体中含有某种缺陷基因而对其实施的不合理不公正排斥性的区别对待。它侵犯了劳动者平等就业、参与公平竞争的权利和自由。基因信息具有隐私的法律属性,基因信息在职场的流通侵犯了劳动者的隐私权。用法律手段规制就业基因歧视是保护公民就业平等权和隐私权,保护人性尊严和人格平等,保护基因科技良性健康发展的需要。目前在我国职场已经接连发生基因歧视事件,并且有蔓延的趋势,人为造成了社会的不公,此时进行法律规制有其现实必要性。我国目前要面对的就是反就业基因歧视法律制度的建设。国际上许多国家都进行了相关立法实践,如美国、瑞士、奥地利、挪威、澳大利亚等制定了专门法律,保护基因隐私,禁止雇佣领域的基因歧视。英国虽没有专门法律,但在其他法律文件中禁止雇主基于基因信息的差异解雇劳动者。美国和澳大利亚的反就业基因歧视法律相对比较完善,美国的《反基因歧视法》规定了限制雇主获得雇员的基因信息,雇主对基因信息的保密和披露,行政救济和司法救济,法律责任,设立专门研究机构等。澳大利亚的《基因信息非歧视法案》详细规定了基因信息隐私的保护制度。我国有必要在借鉴国外的经验基础上,结合我国本土元素设计反就业基因歧视法律制度。在立法模式上完善《就业促进法》,设专章“基因歧视”,将基因隐私纳入隐私权范畴,考虑到我国地区差异性,可以灵活的出台地方法规和规章。法律规制原则坚持基因隐私权优于用人单位知情权原则和预防与惩罚相结合原则。在具体内容上,限制用人单位获得基因信息,完善司法救济中举证责任,规定就业基因歧视的认定,成立反就业基因歧视专门法律,以及加强政府的作用等。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the implementation of the Human Genome Project, a sub-plan on ethical, legal and social issues emerged simultaneously, and people of insight feared that as more genetic codes were broken in the human body, ethical and legal challenges would be brought to mankind. The current genetic discrimination in employment and insurance is a powerful testament to concerns. Employment genetic discrimination is an unfair and unfair discrimination that employers implement on the basis of the existence of some defective genes in the workers' bodies. It infringes workers' right to equal employment and fair competition. Genetic information has the legal attribute of privacy, and the circulation of genetic information in the workplace infringes the workers' privacy. It is necessary to regulate employment gene discrimination by legal means to protect citizens' equal right to employment and privacy, to protect human dignity and personality equality, and to protect the healthy development of gene science and technology. At present, genetic discrimination has occurred successively in the workplace in our country, and it has the tendency of spreading, which has caused the social injustice artificially. At this time, it is necessary to carry on the legal regulation. What our country must face at present is the construction of the anti-employment gene discrimination legal system. Many countries in the world have carried on the relevant legislation practice, such as the United States, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Australia and other special laws to protect gene privacy, prohibit gene discrimination in the field of employment. There is no specific law in Britain, but other legal documents prohibit employers from firing workers on the basis of genetic differences. The anti-employment genetic discrimination laws in the United States and Australia are relatively perfect. In the United States, the "Anti-Genome Discrimination Act" stipulates restrictions on employers' access to genetic information of employees, employers' confidentiality and disclosure of genetic information, administrative relief and judicial relief. Legal liability, the establishment of special research institutions, etc. Australia's genetic Information non-discrimination Act details the protection of genetic information privacy. It is necessary to design an anti-employment gene discrimination legal system based on the experience of foreign countries and our native elements. Perfect the Employment Promotion Law in the legislative model, set up a special chapter "Gene Discrimination", bring gene privacy into the category of privacy, take into account the regional differences in our country, can issue local laws and regulations flexibly. The principle of legal regulation adheres to the principle of genetic privacy superior to the right to know of employers and the principle of combination of prevention and punishment. In the specific content, it limits the employer to obtain genetic information, consummates the burden of proof in the judicial relief, prescribes the recognition of employment gene discrimination, establishes a special law against employment gene discrimination, and strengthens the role of the government.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.5

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