劳动者对用人单位的损害赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:43

本文选题：劳动关系 + 劳动者　；参考：《华中科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：《劳动合同法》的颁布实施是对《劳动法》的补充和完善,其立法宗旨都是对劳动者权益的倾斜保护。在劳动关系中,因劳动者的故意或重大过错而不能按照其应有职责履行义务对用人单位造成财产损害时,其需要对此承担赔偿责任。在国内的理论研究上,王泽鉴先生和史尚宽先生都认为劳动者需要对其造成的损害承担赔偿责任。同时史尚宽先生还认为由于劳动关系的劳动者身份地位的不一般性,有必要对其赔偿责任进行限制。在日本和英国的理论学界,我妻荣、潮见佳男以及Gray等认为需要对用人单位的求偿权进行限制。然而,在国内的司法实务中,对赔偿的依据、赔偿范围及数额和赔偿方式却并没有明确和合理的规定。当在涉及到侵权损害赔偿的时候,如果只是引用其他的非劳动法律规定,反而会使得劳动关系的处理更加不合理,也违背了劳动法独立立法的初衷。法律允许用人单位与劳动者可以就服务期、竞业限制签订相关协议,规定彼此的责任和义务。但是由于法律上对协议中可能涉及到的赔偿责任等条款缺乏规定,当出现劳动合同纠纷的时候,会出现用人单位凭借所签订的实质上不平等的协议对劳动者提出不尽合理合法的赔偿请求,对此如何适用有待司法考量。本文主要是从通过网络收集近十年来法院损害赔偿的案例入手,首先从劳动者承担侵权损害赔偿责任和违约损害赔偿责任两方面进行案例类型化分析。其次结合劳动者承担损害赔偿责任的现有的立法规定和赔偿理论,在个案的基础上进一步分析劳动者承担赔偿责任时所面临的赔偿依据、赔偿数额及赔偿方式三方面的的现状和问题。最后是针对损害赔偿依据、赔偿数额、赔偿方式提出自己的建议和观点,如完善用人单位规章制度的规定、合理选择审判的法理依据,在劳动法规则适用的基础上同时要考虑对立法原则的引用,严格限制用人单位对劳动者的追偿权和坚持劳动者承担赔偿责任时解除劳动合同或者经济赔偿的选择性适用,借鉴民法上对赔偿之规定,允许劳动者对用人单位进行分期支付赔偿金额,而不是要求一次性给付。希望能在已有的法律法规和理论基础上能更全面和合理的实现劳动者对用人单位的损害赔偿责任。
[Abstract]:The promulgation and implementation of the Labor contract Law is the supplement and perfection of the Labor Law, and its legislative purpose is to protect the rights and interests of the laborer. In the labor relations, if the laborer is unable to perform the obligation according to his duty to cause property damage to the employer because of the worker's intentional or serious fault, he should bear the compensation responsibility for it. In domestic theoretical research, both Mr. Wang Zejian and Mr. Shi Shangkuan thought that workers should bear liability for damages caused by them. At the same time, Mr. Shi Shangkuan thinks that it is necessary to limit his liability because of the non-general status of laborer in labor relations. In theoretical circles in Japan and Britain, my wife Rong, Chia-nan and Gray think it is necessary to restrict employers' claims. However, in domestic judicial practice, there are no clear and reasonable provisions on the basis, scope and amount of compensation. When it comes to tort compensation, if only other non-labor laws are cited, it will make the handling of labor relations more unreasonable, and it also violates the original intention of independent legislation of labor law. The law allows employers and workers to sign agreements on service periods, competition restrictions, and mutual responsibilities and obligations. However, due to the lack of legal provisions on liability and other provisions that may be involved in the agreement, when there is a labor contract dispute, The employer will make unreasonable and legal claims on the laborer by virtue of the unequal agreement signed by the employer. How to apply this should be considered by judicature. This paper starts with the collection of cases of court damages in the past ten years through the network. Firstly, it analyzes the types of cases from two aspects: the liability for tort damages and the liability for damages for breach of contract. Secondly, combined with the existing legislation and compensation theory, the author further analyzes the compensation basis faced by the laborer when he bears the compensation liability. The present situation and problems of compensation amount and compensation method. Finally, according to the basis of compensation for damages, the amount of compensation, the way of compensation, put forward their own suggestions and viewpoints, such as perfecting the rules and regulations of the employing unit, rationally selecting the legal basis of the trial, On the basis of the application of the labor law rules, we should also consider the application of the legislative principles, and strictly restrict the selective application of the labor contract or economic compensation when the employer strictly restricts the right of recourse to the laborer and insists that the laborer bear the liability for compensation. Using the civil law for reference, the laborer is allowed to pay the compensation amount in installment instead of the one-off payment. It is hoped that on the basis of existing laws, regulations and theories, the liability of workers for damages to employers can be realized more comprehensively and reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.5

【参考文献】