无效劳动合同制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 11:45

【摘要】：无效劳动合同因严重欠缺有效要件,法律不赋予其效力,不发生当事人预期的法律后果。劳动关系有着不同于民事关系的显著特性,劳动法在很大程度上不同于民事法律,劳动合同同样不同于民事合同。基于劳动合同从属性、继续性、不完全性和公权力介入性的特点,尤其是劳动者已经付出的劳动具有不可返还性以及就业对于劳动者生存和发展的重要意义,我们在研究无效劳动合同时,不能简单地套用民事法律制度,而应当将民事法律精神、民事合同原理与劳动关系、劳动合同的特殊性以及无效劳动合同的特殊性相结合。更具针对性的制度设计,在实施过程中方能具有更强的操作性,也能在协调劳动关系和利益分配上实现立法的初衷。在无效劳动合同制度的设计上,不仅应当充分吸收民事合同无效理论,更应当认真结合劳动合同自身的特质；不仅要承认无效劳动合同的客观存在,更要认识到现行无效劳动合同制度存在的问题,如“二元认定标准”的不足、现行规定的内在矛盾、确认机构的被动性、“仲裁前置”冗长性、劳动行政机关监督检查权的局限、过错方的违法成本过低等。我们建议明确劳动合同无效的标准,区分绝对无效劳动合同和相对无效劳动合同；建立相应的可撤销制度；明确劳动合同解除制度和可撤销制度可以并存,并赋予劳动行政机关无效劳动合同的确认权或撤销权,优化“仲裁前置”为“或裁或讼”；规范劳动合同的必备条款、提高过错方的违法成本、细化赔偿的标准,使无效劳动合同制度更完善,也更具操作性和针对性,在法律实践中尽可能减少认定无效劳动合同的范围,维护劳动关系的稳定。
[Abstract]:The invalid labor contract lacks the valid elements seriously, the law does not endow it with effect and does not have the expected legal consequence. Labor relationship is different from civil relation, labor law is different from civil law to a great extent, and labor contract is also different from civil contract. Based on the characteristics of labor contract subordination, continuity, incompleteness and public power interposition, especially the labor that the laborer has paid has the non-returnability and the important significance of employment for the survival and development of the laborer. When we study the invalid labor contract, we should not simply apply the civil law system, but should combine the civil law spirit, the civil contract principle with the labor relations, the particularity of the labor contract and the particularity of the invalid labor contract. More targeted system design, in the implementation process can have a stronger operability, but also in the coordination of labor relations and distribution of benefits to achieve the original intention of legislation. In the design of invalid labor contract system, not only should the theory of civil contract invalidation be fully absorbed, but also the characteristics of labor contract itself should be seriously combined, and the objective existence of invalid labor contract should not only be acknowledged, It is also necessary to recognize the problems existing in the current system of invalid labor contracts, such as the deficiencies of the "dual recognition standards", the inherent contradictions of the current provisions, the passivity of the confirmation institutions, and the "arbitration preemption" of the protracted nature of the system. The limitation of supervision and inspection right of labor administrative organ and the low illegal cost of fault party. We propose to clarify the criteria for invalidation of labor contracts, to distinguish between absolute and relatively invalid labor contracts, to establish corresponding revocable systems, and to make it clear that the system of rescission and revocability of labor contracts can coexist. It also gives the labor administrative organ the right to confirm or cancel the invalid labor contract, optimizes the "arbitration front" as "either arbitration or litigation", standardizes the necessary terms of the labor contract, raises the illegal cost of the party at fault, and refines the standard of compensation. Make the system of invalid labor contract more perfect, also more operable and pertinence, reduce the scope of confirming invalid labor contract as far as possible in the legal practice, and maintain the stability of labor relations.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.5

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