中国经济法学体系结构研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 13:38

【摘要】：人类是理性的动物,人类的一切活动都是有目的的活动。法学学科划分作为人类活动之一,也是如此。受传统划分理论的影响,对法学各学科的研究目的是什么,其实还是相当贫乏的。法律是为了人类生活得更加美好而制定的,法学则间接地以此为目的。整个法律体系总是为保护全体国民的利益为目的,而具体法律部门则以保护某一部分人民的利益为目的,或人民扮演的某一社会角色的利益为目的。如：行政法以保护行政相对人这一部分人民的利益为目的,劳动法以保护人民的劳动者角色的利益为目的,经济法则以保护人民的消费者角色的利益为目的。每一个国民、国民的每一个社会角色的利益都有相应的法律部门保护,从而构筑起国家(社会)大机器有序、公平、高效运行的制度基础。中国经济法学的体系既要廓清经济法学与其它部门法学界限,又要廓清经济法与法学外其它学科的界限,如经济学、金融学、会计学和政策等。“体系”词本身包含内部结构的。以法律目的为划分标准,经济法保护消费者利益的途径有四：第一、明确市场主体资格、规范权义结构；第二、维护市场经济秩序；第三、发展经济,使经济更加稳定、快速地发展；第四、市场经济运行监管。市场经济参与主体主要由消费者、管理者(政府、社会中间层)和经营者,其中,消费者处于核心地位。消费者的权利的种类、内容决定了政府的职责,为使国家履行职责而赋予其职权。明确经营者的主体资格、规范经营者的权义结构的关键在于做好经营者的类型化和产品责任、社会责任设置。社会中间层在市场经济管理中的众多方面优越于政府,它代表着管理者未来的发展方向。这样,就构成了经济法主体制度的“四元”结构：消费者、政府、社会中间层和经营者。市场秩序紊乱,首先遭到损害或者说主要遭到损害的是消费者,这是由消费者脆弱的购买力决定的。因此,维护市场秩序也就是国家在保护消费者的方式中首先要做的。维护市场经济秩序主要使用规制的手段,即以规制的手段矫正失序的市场。市场规制法律制度主要包括：消费者保护法、竞争法律制度、产品质量法律制度、价格法律制度、广告法律制度。公平地发展经济是维护消费者利益最基本、最保险的方式。从经济学的角度来看,经济发展对消费者和经营者都有利,但是,事实并非如此。经济凋敝也许会使经营者的货币(这个价值的符号)减少,但是,他们的切身利益并不减损。公平而更加稳定、快速地发展经济主要使用宏观调控的手段,宏观经济调控法律制度也主要以公平而更加稳定、快速地发展经济为目的。宏观调控法律制度主要包括：计划法律制度、产业法律制度、财政法律制度、税收在法律制度、金融调控法律制度、对外贸易法律制度。政府和社会中间层也会失灵,所以,必须有一套完整的事前市场秩序监督机制和事后宏观调控监督、反馈机制,这两套机制往往是相互融合不可分离的。把这些法律制度称作经济监管法律制度。目前包括：金融市场监管法律制度、会计与审计法律制度。以上全方位、多环节的体系结构设计,以期消费者权益得到切实无虞的保护。这种体系结构设计确立了消费者的核心地位,它呼应了党的“三个代表”重要思想和以“以人为本”理念的时代要求,它履行了人民当家做主的有中国特色的社会主义制度的本质要求。
[Abstract]:Human beings are rational animals, and all human activities are purposeful activities. The division of jurisprudence is one of human activities, so is the division of jurisprudence. Influenced by the traditional division theory, the purpose of the study of various disciplines of jurisprudence is actually quite poor. Law is formulated for the sake of a better human life, and the law is indirect. The whole legal system is always for the purpose of protecting the interests of all citizens, while the specific legal departments are for the purpose of protecting the interests of a certain part of the people, or the interests of a certain social role played by the people. To protect the interests of the people's laborers, economic laws aim to protect the interests of the people's consumer role. Every citizen and every social role of the people has the corresponding protection of legal departments, thus building a state (society) large machine orderly, fair, efficient operation of the institutional basis.
The system of China's economic jurisprudence should not only clarify the boundaries between economic jurisprudence and other branches of law, but also between economic law and other disciplines other than law, such as economics, finance, accounting and policy. Firstly, we should clarify the qualifications of market subjects and standardize the structure of rights and interests; secondly, we should maintain the order of market economy; thirdly, we should develop the economy to make it more stable and rapid; fourthly, we should supervise the operation of market economy.
The main body of market economy participation is mainly consumers, managers (government, social middle-level) and operators, among which consumers are in the core position. The types and contents of consumers'rights determine the responsibilities of the government and give them the powers to enable the state to perform its duties. The social middle class is superior to the government in many aspects of market economy management, which represents the future development direction of the managers. Thus, it constitutes the "four-element" structure of the main body system of economic law: consumers, government, social middle class and operators.
The disorder of market order is first damaged or mainly damaged by consumers, which is determined by the fragile purchasing power of consumers. Therefore, the maintenance of market order is the first thing that the state should do in the way of protecting consumers. The legal system of market regulation mainly includes consumer protection law, competition law system, product quality law system, price law system and advertisement law system.
Fair economic development is the most basic and safe way to safeguard the interests of consumers. From an economic point of view, economic development is beneficial to both consumers and operators, but this is not the case. Economic depression may reduce the money of operators (the symbol of this value), but their vital interests are not diminished. Fairness is even more important. The legal system of macro-economic control mainly includes: planning legal system, industrial legal system, financial legal system, taxation legal system, financial regulation legal system. Legal system of foreign trade.
The government and the social middle-level will also fail, so there must be a complete set of pre-market order supervision mechanism and post-market macro-control supervision, feedback mechanism, the two sets of mechanisms are often inseparable from each other. These legal systems are called economic supervision legal system. Audit legal system.
The above-mentioned all-round, multi-link system structure design, in order to achieve the practical protection of consumer rights and interests. This system structure design establishes the core position of consumers, it echoes the important thought of the Party's "Three Represents" and the "people-oriented" concept of the times, it fulfills the people as the masters of the Chinese characteristics. The essential requirement of the socialist system.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.29

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