金融危机下浙江中小外贸企业竞争优势的审视

发布时间：2018-11-01 20:37

【摘要】：自2008年下半年开始,由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机开始蔓延到实体经济,波及中国,给中国各地区各企业带来了不同程度的影响,尤其对沿海开放城市打击最为严重。本文以浙江为代表,重新审视了金融危机下中小外贸企业的竞争优势的变化,并就提升竞争力方面存在的问题提出了政策建议。首先,本文回顾了中小企业理论和竞争优势相关理论,以此为理论依据,基于钻石模型,从生产要素、需求条件、相关产业和支持性产业、企业战略、结构与竞争四个角度阐述了浙江中小外贸企业竞争优势的现状,并新对其金融危机下的竞争优势重新进行SWOT分析,以研究在金融危机前后竞争优势的变化。通过分析,表明浙江中小外贸企业最大的竞争优势在于产业集群优势和规模、机制的灵活性;新劳动法的实施、原材料价格的上涨等因素,使得浙江中小外贸企业曾经的成本优势不复存在;国家不断出台各项扶持中小外贸企业的政策,调整出口退税率等,又为浙江中小外贸企业提供了发展的空间。其次,选取显示性比较优势指数建立数学模型,从竞争力角度对外贸总额排在全国前列的粤、沪、浙三地金融危机下的中小外贸企业竞争优势进行比较,发现浙江中小外贸企业面对金融危机,具有更强的抗风险能力。究其原因,主要是由于其外资利用率相对于广东、上海较低,浙江的一般贸易较之于广东、上海的加工贸易受国际市场影响较小,抗风险能力相对更强。其特殊的生产经营模式也是值得其他省份借鉴的。最后,笔者就提升浙江中小外贸企业竞争力中存在的问题,提出了相应的政策建议,只有政府、金融机构、企业自身等相关部门共同努力,浙江中小外贸企业才能平稳度过难关,并抓住机遇,壮大发展。
[Abstract]:Since the second half of 2008, the global financial crisis caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has spread to the real economy and affected China, which has brought different degrees of impact to the enterprises in various regions of China, especially to the coastal open cities. Taking Zhejiang Province as the representative, this paper re-examines the changes of competitive advantages of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises under the financial crisis, and puts forward some policy suggestions on the problems in enhancing competitiveness. First of all, this paper reviews the theory of SMEs and competitive advantage, based on diamond model, from factors of production, demand conditions, related industries and supporting industries, corporate strategy. This paper expounds the present situation of competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang Province from four angles of structure and competition, and makes a new SWOT analysis of its competitive advantage under the financial crisis in order to study the change of competitive advantage before and after the financial crisis. Through the analysis, it shows that the biggest competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang lies in the advantage and scale of industrial cluster and the flexibility of mechanism. The implementation of the new labor law and the rising prices of raw materials make the cost advantages of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang no longer exist. The government has continuously issued policies to support small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises and adjusted the export tax rebate rate, which has provided the small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang with room for development. Secondly, select the indicator of comparative advantage to establish a mathematical model, and compare the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in the financial crisis of Guangdong, Shanghai and Zhejiang, which ranks the top of the country in terms of foreign trade volume from the competitiveness point of view. It is found that Zhejiang small and medium foreign trade enterprises have stronger ability to resist risks in the face of financial crisis. The main reason is that the utilization rate of foreign capital is lower than that of Guangdong and Shanghai. The general trade of Zhejiang is less affected by the international market and the ability of resisting risks is stronger than that of Guangdong. Its special production and management model is also worthy of reference by other provinces. Finally, the author puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions on the problems existing in promoting the competitiveness of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang. Only the government, financial institutions, enterprises and other relevant departments work together. Zhejiang small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to tide over the difficulties smoothly, and seize the opportunity to grow and develop.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F752.8

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