论我国个人信息权的独立保护

发布时间：2018-01-04 10:15

本文关键词：论我国个人信息权的独立保护　出处：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着信息化进程的推进,因个人信息具有人的尊严和自由价值、公共管理价值和经济利用等多重价值,个人信息以空前的速度和广度被开发利用。个人信息的利用在增进社会发展的同时,也增加了信息主体的权益受到威胁和侵害的风险,由此催生了个人信息保护的需要。但在我国个人信息是否具有立法保护的价值尚处于探讨阶段,相关立法并不完善。人类进入信息社会,个人信息与隐私有着千丝万缕的联系。我国现行隐私权的民法保护制度,将隐私权作为一种具体人格权进行保护,所侧重的是人的尊严和人格自由利益,这样对个人信息保护力度较弱。在信息时代,与个人信息相关主体及利益关系变得复杂多样,对个人信息应采取保护与利用并重的立法政策。因此,个人信息保护面临着法律制度上的调整,即不仅要关注对其侵害的事后救济,更应当注重对个人信息泄露风险的事前防范及事中控制,(1)以此顺应信息社会的发展。据此,针对个人信息的民法保护,从体系效应的角度出发,建议以编纂民法典为契机,(2)在民法里把个人信息确立为与生命、健康、隐私等民事权利并列作为一项独立的具体人格权。这样既明确了个人信息的私法属性,同时为司法审判提供了直接的裁判依据,能最大限度发挥侵权责任法的价值补偿功能。也为未来制定单行的个人信息保护法奠定了权利基础。在法律制度上,任何一种新型权利的确立、保护及其不断的演化发展,都是人的尊严和自由得到进一步尊重的表现。个人信息权的确立及保护也不例外。法律对个人信息权的独立保护,是法治进一步完善的体现,该项权利在与其他权益相互交织和冲突中产生和发展,并将继续沿着这条矛盾冲突和协调保护的主线向前发展。本文是沿着这样的思路展开探讨的:第一部分:个人信息权与隐私权的界分。首先,界定了法律意义上的个人信息;区分了个人信息与隐私的关系,阐述了从隐私到个人信息的社会和法治变化过程,为个人信息权独立保护提供了可能。第二部分:我国个人信息保护的问题与原因。首先,从我国频繁发生的个人信息纠纷的司法现状作为切入点,介绍了个人信息保护的理论与司法实践,分析了我国个人信息保护存在的问题;从类型化、体系化的视角对我国个人信息权独立保护的现状进行归纳与分析,并阐述了隐私权保护的历史进程及其成就与不足。进一步论述了现行法律对个人信息保护的局限性及原因,尤其是个人信息权的权利属性不明晰,致使被侵权人的请求权基础不明确,从而导致当前法律适用的混乱。第三部分:我国个人信息权独立保护之证成。首先结合信息社会的时代背景对个人信息的价值作了详细的论证;针对现实频繁发生的个人信息纠纷,论述了强化个人信息保护的现实动因和法律确立个人信息的理论依据。从我国民事权利体系的历史演变规律出发,结合《侵权责任法》在民事权利保护方面的优势(价值补偿),据此,论证了在民法里确立个人信息权作为一项独立的具体民事权利的重要实践意义。第四部分:域外个人信息权独立保护之借鉴。通过比较法上个人信息独立保护的观察,首先,介绍了经济合作与发展理事会(OECD)和亚太经合组织(APEC)关于个人隐私信息保护的理念和框架,毫不夸张的说,该国际组织的制度理念将全球国际化的个人信息保护法治水平,推向一个新的高度。其次,对美国个人信息保护的立法特点及形成原因进行了概述。从比较法的角度着重阐述了我国香港和澳门特别行政区个人信息立法保护的实践经验,以期为我国个人信息权独立保护问题的最优选择提供有益的借鉴。第五部分:我国个人信息权独立保护完善的建议。首先对我国不同课题组撰写的《民法总则专家建议稿》个人信息权独立保护阐述了自己的看法;论述了个人信息权权属多重,价值多元,对其立法保护要结合我国的现实情况,做好对其立法的历史影响与传承。针对频繁发生的个人信息纠纷,从个人信息保护的体系效应出发,从法律适用的角度提出了个人信息权的独立保护要尽可能的具体化、类型化和体系化,建立健全个人信息保护法治,以此顺应信息社会的发展。最后,在互联网时代和数字经济的大背景、大趋势的氛围下,针对如何协调好个人信息保护与信息合理流通的关系,提出了个人信息利益平衡的具体制度安排及建立个人信息保护的多元化法治模式的拙见,以此应对资讯科技所带来的挑战。以期为我国个人信息保护法制的完善尽微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Along with the advancement of information, because of the personal information has human dignity and freedom value, public management and economic value using the multiple values of personal information to an unprecedented speed and breadth to be developed. The use of personal information in the promotion of social development at the same time, also increased the risk of information interests of the main threat and harm. This gave birth to the protection of personal information. But it is still in the discussion stage in our personal information protection legislation has the value of the relevant legislation is not perfect. We have entered the information society, personal information and privacy are inextricably linked. The current system of civil law protection of privacy in our country, the right to privacy as a specific personality right protection, the focus is the dignity and freedom of personality interests, such personal information protection is weak. In the information age, personal information and related subjects And the relationship of interests has become complex and diverse, take the protection and use of legislative policy and should be the personal information. Therefore, personal information protection is facing legal system adjustment, which should not only focus on the Infringement Remedy, should pay attention to control the risk of leakage of personal information and the prevention and development, (1) in order to comply with the information society. Therefore, according to the civil law protection of personal information, starting from the system effect angle, suggestions on the codification of the opportunity, (2) in the personal information for the establishment of civil law and life, health, privacy and civil rights are as an independent right of personality. This is clear the private attribute of personal information, and provides a direct basis for the administration of justice, to maximize the value of the compensation function of tort law. For the future development of specific personal information protection law established Right. Based on the legal system, the establishment of any new rights protection, and its evolution and development constantly, is human dignity and freedom further in respect of the performance. The establishment and protection of the right of personal information is no exception. The independent legal right to the protection of personal information, to further improve the rule of law is embodied, the right in the emergence and development are intertwined with other interests and conflicts in the main line, and will continue to follow this contradiction and coordination of protection forward. This is along the way to discuss: the first part: the right of personal information and privacy division. First of all, define the legal meaning of personal information; distinguish the relationship between personal information and privacy, expounds the social and legal change from the privacy of the personal information, provides the possibility for the right of personal information. The second part: the independent protection of personal information in China. Problems and reasons of protection. First, as a starting point from the judicial status of personal information disputes frequently occurring in China, introduces the theory and practice of personal information protection of justice, analyzes the existing problems of personal information protection of our country; from the perspective of the type of system, the status of personal information protection independent right in our country summarize and analysis, and expounds the history and achievements of privacy protection and shortcomings. Further discusses the current law on the protection of personal information and the limitation of reason, especially the right attribute of personal information right is not clear, the right of claim of infringement is not clear, leading to the current legal confusion third part: the right of personal information protection of the independence of our country. Firstly the value of personal information has made the detailed discussion combining information society; according to the reality of the frequent occurrence of individual Information disputes, discusses the strengthening of the protection of personal information and legal real motivation to establish the theoretical basis of personal information. From our system of civil rights of the historical evolution of the combination of "tort liability law" in the civil rights protection of the advantage (value compensation), accordingly, proof of the important practical significance in the civil law in the establishment of individual the right to information as a separate and specific civil rights. The fourth part: the right of personal information from outside the independent protection. Through observation, comparison on the independent protection of personal information of the first, introduces the economic cooperation and Development Council (OECD) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) concept and framework of privacy information protection and it is no exaggeration to say that the idea of system of the international organizations will be the global internationalization of the personal information protection law, to a new height. Secondly, on the personal information protection legislation Formation and characteristics of reason are summarized. From the perspective of comparative law focuses on the Hongkong and Macao Special Administrative Region of the personal information legislation experience, in order to provide a useful reference for the selection of the optimal problem of independent protection of personal information right in China. The fifth part: the right of personal information protection suggestions to improve the independence of our country at the first of China's different research group wrote the "general principles of civil law expert proposal > right of personal information protection independently presented their views; discusses the personal information rights multiple, value pluralism, the legislation should combine the reality of our country, do the historical influence and inheritance of the legislation of personal information. Disputes frequently occur, starting from the system effect of the protection of personal information, from a legal point of view put forward independent protection of personal information right should be specific, and the type of system Establish and improve the protection of personal information, the rule of law, so as to conform to the development of the information society. Finally, in the background of the age of the Internet and the digital economy, the trend of the atmosphere, for how to coordinate the relationship between the protection of personal information and reasonable information circulation, put forward personal information to balance the interests of specific institutional arrangements and the establishment of personal information protection the diversification rule of opinion, brought about in order to cope with the challenges of information technology. In order to make efforts to improve the legal system of personal information protection in our country.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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