近代民事立法、习惯与司法中的相邻关系

发布时间：2018-01-13 18:12

本文关键词：近代民事立法、习惯与司法中的相邻关系　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：相邻关系是民法物权中所有权部分的重要内容,源于罗马法,与地役权同源。随着2007年我国《物权法》的颁布,相邻关系开始被学界重视,对于相邻关系的研究逐渐增多。但是在研究相邻关系时,学者多从罗马法、外国法的视角进行比较,反而忽视了对近代民事法律中相邻关系条文的梳理,以及中国传统社会中相邻关系实践的悠久历史。这种将视线局限于外国法的研究并不利于我们传承优秀的传统文化,也不利于我们开创具有中国特色的法学体系。因此,研究近代相邻关系的立法、民事习惯与司法实践具有现实意义。本文由绪论以及正文的五章组成。绪论主要表明写作目的、研究现状及方法,当前民法领域对相邻关系的研究很多,但是针对近代相邻关系的研究并不多,存在空白,本文从民法和法律史的角度切入,主要依据史料档案和相关著作开展研究。第一章主要论述近代相邻关系的历史及理论,回顾了我国近代以前的相邻关系实践,分析了民法近代化的经济、政治、司法动因,并总结了民法近代化对相邻关系产生的国际化与本土化影响。第二章主要论述民事法律中的相邻关系,梳理了近代《大清民律草案》《民国民律草案》《中华民国民法典》的制定过程,以及作为民法过渡的"现行律民事有效部分"颁布过程,并对其中相邻关系的法律内容进行了分类整理,发现《大清民律草案》与《民国民律草案》的立法技术较为接近,《中华民国民法典》则有较大的提升。第三章主要论述民事习惯中的相邻关系,依据历次习惯调查的结果,将相邻关系习惯总结为邻地损害防免习惯、邻地利用习惯、用水及排水习惯这三部分。与2007年我国《物权法》相比,近代几部民事法律中习惯的法源地位较高,反映了立法者本土化的尝试以及对当时社会现实的适应。第四章主要论述司法实践中的相邻关系,通过对比法条、习惯与司法档案,可以发现在司法实践中审判者以事实为基础,同时采用以情理为内容的方式来说服当事人,在判决结果上则呈现出调解与判决互动、威吓和纵容共存的现象。第五章主要阐述在研究近代相邻关系立法、习惯与司法实践时产生的思考,提出在立法缺位的情况下,司法运行要接纳习惯的参与,近代民法与习惯之中蕴含着大量的本土法学资源,近代民法的法律发展及司法实践呈现渐进的特征,要运用情理促进多元化纠纷解决机制的构建。
[Abstract]:The adjacent relation is an important part of the ownership in the real right of the civil law, originated from Roman law and homologous with the easement. With the promulgation of the property Law in 2007, the adjacent relationship has been attached great importance to by the academic circles. But in the study of the adjacent relations, scholars compared the Roman law and foreign law, but ignored the combing of the adjacent relation provisions in the modern civil law. As well as the long history of the practice of the neighboring relationship in the traditional Chinese society. This kind of study which is limited to the foreign law is not conducive to our inheritance of excellent traditional culture. It is also unfavorable for us to create a legal system with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the legislation of the relationship between neighbors in modern times. Civil custom and judicial practice are of practical significance. This paper is composed of the introduction and five chapters of the text. The introduction mainly shows the writing purpose, research status and methods. However, there is not much research on the relationship between neighbors in modern times, there is a blank, this article from the perspective of civil law and legal history. The first chapter mainly discusses the history and theory of the neighboring relations in modern times, reviews the practice of the neighboring relations before the modern times in China, and analyzes the economic and political aspects of the modernization of civil law. Judicial motivation, and summarized the internationalization and localization of civil law modernization on the impact of neighboring relations. The second chapter mainly discusses the adjacent relations in civil law. This paper combs the formulation process of the Civil Code of the Republic of China, the draft of the Civil Law of the Republic of China, and the promulgation process of the Civil effective part of the Civil Law in the transition of the Civil Law. The legal contents of the neighboring relations are classified and sorted out, and it is found that the legislative techniques of the draft of the people's Law of the Qing Dynasty and the draft of the people's Law of the Republic of China are close to each other. The Civil Code of the Republic of China has a great promotion. The third chapter mainly discusses the neighboring relations in the civil customs, according to the results of previous customary surveys, the habits of neighboring relations are summarized as the habits of neighboring damage prevention and exemption. Compared with our country's property Law in 2007, the status of customary law in modern civil law is higher than that of neighboring land use habit, water use and drainage habit. It reflects the attempt of legislator localization and adaptation to the social reality at that time. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the adjacent relations in judicial practice, through the comparison of laws, habits and judicial archives. It can be found that in judicial practice, the adjudicators are based on facts and at the same time use the method of reason as the content to persuade the parties, and on the result of judgment, there is an interaction between mediation and judgment. Chapter 5th mainly expounds the thinking in the study of legislation, habits and judicial practice of modern neighboring relations, and points out that in the absence of legislation, the judicial operation should accept the participation of habit. Modern civil law and habits contain a large number of local legal resources. The legal development and judicial practice of modern civil law show gradual characteristics. It is necessary to use reason to promote the construction of pluralistic dispute resolution mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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