未成年受害人过失相抵适用分析

发布时间：2018-01-13 20:17

本文关键词：未成年受害人过失相抵适用分析　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：过失相抵又称受害人与有责任,只要加害人主张受害人与有过失并举证证明,法院即应依职权减轻或免除加害人应赔偿的金额,以期实现公平正义。我国相关法律法规规定了过失相抵制度,但没有考虑到受害人为未成年人时因其处于双重不利地位,更应当对其特殊保护;我国司法实践中往往以未成年人受到伤害为由,推定其监护人未履行监护职责进而适用过失相抵规则,减轻或免除加害人所应赔偿的金额,该做法既缺乏法理基础,又易于对未成年人造成不利影响。完善过失相抵制度对我国未成年受害人的适用,在保护和救济未成年人的合法权益、维护社会和谐稳定方面具有重要理论意义和现实价值。本文共分为四部分:第一部分,问题的提出,介绍我国未成年人遭受侵害案件中过失相抵制度的适用在我国立法和司法上的现状以及存在的两个争议问题;第二部分,过失相抵制度的基本理论;第三部分,未成年受害人与监护人过错分析,重点在于解决第一部分提出的两个争议问题;最后,总结出未成年受害人适用过失相抵规则的处理思路,以加强对我国未成年人权益的救济与保护。
[Abstract]:As long as the offender claims the victim and has the fault and proves it, the court shall abate or exempt the offender from the amount of compensation ex officio. In order to achieve fairness and justice. The relevant laws and regulations of our country stipulate the system of fault offset, but do not take into account that the victim is a minor because of his double disadvantage, and should be special protection; In the judicial practice of our country, it is often assumed that the guardian of the minor is not performing the duty of guardianship, and then applying the fault offset rule, so as to reduce or exempt the amount of compensation to be paid by the offender. This practice is not only lack of legal basis, but also easy to cause adverse impact on minors. Improve the application of fault offset system to the minor victims of our country, in the protection and relief of the legitimate rights and interests of minors. The maintenance of social harmony and stability has important theoretical significance and practical value. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the problem raised. This paper introduces the current situation and two controversial issues of the application of fault offset system in our country's legislation and judicature. The second part, the basic theory of fault offset system; The third part, the minor victim and guardian fault analysis, the focus is to solve the first part of the two controversial issues; Finally, the author summarizes the idea of how to apply the fault offset rule to the minor victim in order to strengthen the relief and protection of the minor's rights and interests in our country.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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