航空旅客运输的精神损害赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:32

本文关键词：航空旅客运输的精神损害赔偿制度研究　出处：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：韩亚航空坠毁,家属悲痛万分;马航客机失踪,亲友焦急等待;皮亚军急于接肢,因拒载而永留遗憾;家人般的宠物托运中被打杀,托运旅客承受巨大痛苦……还有其他诸如飞机上被热水烫伤、行李毁坏、航班延误等或身体、或财产、或精神上的损伤,都可能导致恐慌、焦躁、悲伤、遗憾、羞耻等精神上的痛苦。这些精神上的损害能否得到赔偿?欲得出上述问题的答案,需要从分析精神损害赔偿在航空旅客运输中的适用着手,然后分类讨论伴有人身伤亡的精神损害、伴有财产损失的精神损害以及单独的精神损害。通过运用法解释学,分析现有的国际公约、我国航空法以及民法的有关内容;比较和分析其他国家的有益立法;采用案例分析法,结合司法实践;同时参考人权保护事业和消费者权益保护运动的发展,参考医学诊断技术的进步等诸多因素,可以得出如下结论:总体上看,精神损害赔偿能够适用航空旅客运输。伴有身体损害的精神损害,分情况区别对待,身体损害导致的精神损害能够得到赔偿,精神损害导致的身体损害以及与身体损害没有因果关联的精神损害不能得到赔偿。伴有财产损失的精神损害,只有具有人格象征意义的特定物品的永久性灭失或毁损才能获得精神损害赔偿,其他财产损失的精神损害赔偿于法无据。单独的精神损害赔偿,如纯粹的精神损害、航班延误的精神损害普遍不予认可。但是,有部分法院承认能够被医学证明的或者表现为身体损害的纯粹精神损害。承运人的不当行为,如无正当原因的拒载、对旅客的歧视性待遇等,一定条件下,能够获得精神损害赔偿。当下航空旅客运输中的精神损害赔偿,还存在着一些问题尚待解决。如空难死亡赔偿金的内容不定、行李损失的精神损害赔偿司法实践不一、托运宠物死亡的精神损害难以救济、精神损害赔偿的标准不明。我国航空旅客运输的精神损害赔偿制度还有很大的发展余地,还有很重的完善任务。查疑才能补缺,意识到我国立法与司法实践的缺漏和矛盾,结合国际公约、国内民法的一般性规定,借鉴国外的一些的思路和实践,然后不断完善、更新现有法律法规、国际公约,或是出台新法、新公约,对相关问题予以规制,并统一司法实践。这是最好的时代,人权保护、消费者权益保护上升到了一个新的高度;这是最坏的时代,航空承运人利用优势地位侵犯旅客正当权益的事件时有发生;这是信仰的时代,人民内心对法律的自觉拥护和真诚信仰才能保证法律的权威;这是怀疑的时代,当旅客的精神权益无从保障时,我们不得不对法律的缺漏产生疑问;这是光明的时代,随着精神损害赔偿制度的进一步发展,航空旅客权益将获得更为完善的保护;这是黑暗的时代,度过了2014这个世界航空史上最黑暗的一年,航空安全和旅客权益保护的“黑洞”都亟待填补。
[Abstract]:Asiana Airlines crash, family grief; Malaysia Airlines plane missing, relatives and friends anxiously waiting; The second Runner-up was eager to take the limb, and was always sorry for refusing to carry it. Family pets are killed in consignments and passengers suffer a lot. There are other things like hot water burns, baggage damage, flight delays, or physical, or property, or mental injuries. Can cause mental pain such as panic, anxiety, sadness, regret, shame, etc. Can any of these mental damages be compensated? In order to get the answer to the above question, we should analyze the application of mental damage compensation in air passenger transportation, and then discuss the mental damage with personal injury and death. Moral damage with property loss and individual mental damage. Through the application of legal hermeneutics, this paper analyzes the existing international conventions, China's aviation law and civil law. Comparison and analysis of useful legislation in other countries; Adopt the case analysis method, combine the judicial practice; At the same time, with reference to the development of human rights protection and consumer rights protection movement, and the progress of medical diagnostic technology, we can draw the following conclusions: overall. Moral damage compensation can be applied to air passenger transport. Accompanied by physical damage of mental damage, according to the situation, the mental damage caused by physical damage can be compensated. The physical damage caused by the mental damage and the mental damage which is not causally related to the physical damage cannot be compensated... the mental damage accompanied by the loss of property. Only the permanent loss or damage of a specific object of symbolic significance of personality can obtain compensation for moral damage, and the compensation for mental damage caused by other property losses is without any legal basis... individual compensation for moral damage. In the case of pure moral damage, the moral damage caused by flight delays is generally not recognized. However, some courts recognize purely moral damage that can be medically certified or manifested as physical damage... the carrier's misconduct. If there is no legitimate reason for refusing to carry, the discriminatory treatment of passengers, and so on, under certain conditions, can obtain compensation for moral damage. At present, the compensation for mental damage in air passenger transportation. There are still some problems to be solved, for example, the contents of compensation for death of air accident are uncertain, the judicial practice of compensation for mental damage caused by baggage loss varies, and the mental damage caused by the death of consigned pets is difficult to remedy. The standard of compensation for mental damage is not clear. There is still great room for development of the system of compensation for mental damage of air passenger transportation in China, and there is also a heavy task of perfection. Aware of the gaps and contradictions between our legislation and judicial practice, combined with international conventions, the general provisions of domestic civil law, learn from some foreign ideas and practices, and then constantly improve and update existing laws and regulations. International conventions, or the introduction of new laws, new conventions, to regulate the relevant issues, and unify judicial practice. This is the best time, human rights protection, consumer rights protection has risen to a new height; This is the worst of times, air carriers take advantage of the advantage of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of passengers from time to time; This is the age of faith, the people in the heart of the conscious support of the law and sincere faith in order to ensure the authority of the law; This is the age of doubt, when the spiritual rights and interests of tourists can not be protected, we have to question the lack of laws; This is a bright era, with the further development of the system of compensation for spiritual damage, the rights and interests of air passengers will be better protected; It was a dark time, the darkest year in the world's aviation history in 2014, and the black hole in aviation security and passenger protection needed to be filled.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D913

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