跨境消费者合同法律适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 12:27

本文关键词： 消费者合同法律适用弱者保护网络消费意思自治　出处：《西南政法大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：跨境消费已成为当代国际社会常见的一种社会现象,并伴随着全球化趋势的进一步加强、互联网技术的高速发展呈现出更加纷繁复杂的现实形态。世界各国实体法律制度对涉外消费者保护的规定体系独立,差别甚大,亦为跨境消费者合同的法律适用带来重大挑战。美国冲突法革命后,全球国际私法更加注重冲突法实质正义的追求,特别是对弱者利益的倾斜性保护,在跨境消费者合同方面则体现为法律适用规则独立于一般合同准据法确定规则的趋势。随着国际贸易壁垒的日渐降低和网络科技迅猛发展,跨境消费者合同在数量上急剧增加,网络交易环境下消费者弱势地位进一步凸显,需要对消费者与经营者之间的权益分配进行再平衡。因此,对跨境消费者合同的法律适用进行与时俱进的研究一方面能有效保护涉外消费者的合法权益,与国际消费者保护整体立法趋势协调统一;另一方面能以跨境消费者合同纠纷的合理解决为评判标准,根据冲突法实质正义与形式正义的平衡性要求,以具体消费者权益保护的实现及经营者相关合法权益的兼顾为分析切入点,并结合对互联网发展影响的适度考虑,设计出符合具体中国国情、且科学合理具备实用性的跨境消费者合同法律适用规则。第一章:跨境消费者合同的一般问题。本章对跨境消费者合同的几个基本问题进行梳理。首先介绍了全球消费者保护运动的产生与发展,并结合跨境语境下消费者合同日益勃兴的现实状况,分析冲突规则设计时消费者合同概念的单独提出;其次围绕冲突法视域下跨境消费者合同的基本概念理解进行深入阐述,主要从消费者的主体定义厘清、缔约对方的基本情况考量、消费者合同的标的范围厘定以及“跨境”一词的选用释解等几个方面全面解析跨境消费者合同的概念;第三,对跨境消费者合同在识别过程中出现的消费者合同责任与产品侵权责任发生竞合时的处理思路作出阐述;最后,对消费者合同选法规则独立的价值基础——弱者利益保护原则进行分析,并在此原则下对消费者合同法律选择的价值取向做以全面评述。第二章:跨境消费者合同的法律选择方法与法律适用规则。不论是冲突法革命后立法价值取向的逐步转变,还是在跨境消费迅速普及发展至今对消费者权益保护的逐步重视,各国在冲突法领域加强对消费者权益保护的立法宗旨是一致的。然而,在一致性目的引领下各国的成文立法和司法实践却并不相同。本章对意思自治、最密切联系和特征性履行、政府利益分析说及较好的法等结果取向的选法方法和分割方法等冲突法主要选法方法在跨境消费者合同法律选择中的实际运用进行综合评析后,以世界各国消费者合同法律适用具体规则为研究对象,将现行各国立法划分为四种模式,评述每种模式的典型立法规定,并结合冲突规范的具体内容评析跨境消费者合同法律适用规则的发展趋势。第三章:网络环境下跨境消费者合同的法律适用。网络技术发展是现代冲突法立法中必须着重考察的新兴元素,互联网平台的充分介入使得跨境消费者合同呈现出不同以往的诸多特性,不论是泛格式合同化及条款的相对隐蔽性、还是主体身份确认和客体形式变更的复杂性,抑或是第三方交易平台及物流运输行业介入的常态化,甚至包括支付手段的多样性、合同蔓延的迅速国际化等均为传统消费者合同法律适用规则在互联网环境下提出了崭新挑战。本章在总述网络环境的发展和冲击性影响后,着重对保护性选法规则(以欧盟为例)和中立性选法规则(以美国为例)从具体法律规定及相关司法实践的角度进行深入分析,虽然目前欧盟和美国均未就网络环境下制定专门性系统性立法用以规制消费者合同法律适用,但结合其相关电子商务立法和司法实践的诸多考量可见其对网络环境下跨境消费者合同法律规制倾注的重要关注。最后,在以国外相关立法和实践为分析背景的基础上,对目前网络消费者合同法律适用的现状从传统规则的承继、连结点的嬗变以及冲突规范的革新等方面作出综合评析。第四章:跨境消费者合同法律适用规则的中国法构建。前述对跨境消费者合同法律适用方法、规则和实践的研究均是为了对中国的相关立法提出合理完善的构建思路。本章以我国跨境消费者合同法律适用的立法及司法实践现状为具体导入,在结合国外相关先进立法的基础上,全面综合地对我国现状中诸如消费者合同的概念界定不清,单方法律选择权的受限及可行性欠缺,法律选择效果实质性评价的缺乏、经营者法律选择权不当剥夺的弊端以及结果定向指导下消费者权益保护强制性规则的缺失等几方面不足进行深入剖析,并最终致力于构建体系完整、结构合理、既接轨于国际社会、又贴合具体中国国情、在兼顾各方当事人合法利益的同时偏重对消费者的特别保护并注重个案合理妥善解决的中国式跨境消费者合同法律适用规则。
[Abstract]:Cross-border consumption has become a common social phenomenon in the contemporary international society, along with the globalization, the rapid development of Internet technology and show a more complex reality. The complex world entity legal system and regulations of foreign consumer protection system, the difference is very large, apply for cross-border consumer contract law brings a major challenge. American conflicts revolution, global conflict of private international law pay more attention to the pursuit of substantive justice, especially the protection of the interests of the weak, in the aspects of cross-border consumer contract is reflected in the law applicable rules to determine the applicable law of contract independent general trend. With the rapid development of international trade barriers gradually reduced and network technology, a sharp increase in the number of cross-border consumer contracts, consumers vulnerable position of the online trading environment further highlights, Need to re balance the interests distribution between consumers and business operators. Therefore, application of cross-border consumer contract law research advancing with the foreign hand can effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and the international consumer protection legislation trend overall coordination; on the other hand to solve cross-border consumer contract disputes as the evaluation standard, according to the request conflicts of substantive justice and formal justice to achieve balance, balance and operator specific consumer protection related to the legitimate rights and interests of the entry point for the analysis, combined with the appropriate to consider the impact on the development of the Internet, designed to meet the specific Chinese conditions, rational and practical cross-border consumer contract law applicable rules. The first chapter: the general problem of cross-border consumer contract. This chapter on cross-border consumer contracts, several basic problems of comb Daniel. First introduced the emergence and development of global consumer protection movement, and combined with the reality of consumer contract development of cross-border context, analysis of the conflict rules of design concept of consumer contract alone; secondly according to the basic concepts of conflict from the perspective of cross-border consumer contract understanding in detail, mainly from the main body of consumers to clarify the definition, basic the contracting party consider several concepts within a range of reasonable consumer contract subject and "cross-border" word selection and other aspects of a comprehensive analysis of their cross-border consumer contracts; third, to elaborate on ideas of consumer contract liability and tort liability product cross-border consumer contracts in the recognition process concurrent; finally, to consumers choose contract value based on independent rules -- the principle of protecting the interests of the weak, and then Under the principle of value orientation of consumer contract choice of law to do a comprehensive review. The second chapter: cross-border consumer contract choice of law method and applicable law rules. Whether it is gradually changing the value orientation of the legal conflicts revolution, or in the popularization and development of cross-border consumer to consumer protection gradually attention, countries to strengthen the legislative purpose of the protection of consumer rights in the field of law is the same. However, in the unity of purpose under the guidance of national legislation and judicial practice is not the same. This chapter of the autonomy, the most closely linked and characteristic performance, government interests analysis and better method that conflict results oriented selection method and segmentation method etc. the main method of selection method of choice of law in cross-border consumer contracts in the practical application of comprehensive assessment, to consumers around the world with the applicable law of contract Rules as the research object, the existing legislation will be divided into four modes, each mode of the typical legislation review, development trend and combined with the specific content of conflict rules of law applicable rules of cross-border consumer contracts. The third chapter: application of cross-border consumer contract law under the network environment. The development of network technology is a new element of modern law the legislation must be emphasized, fully involved in the Internet platform makes the cross-border consumer contract presents many characteristics different from the past, whether it is universal and the terms of the contract format is relatively hidden, or subject and object identification form change complexity, or normalization intervention third party trading platform and logistics transportation industry, even including the diversity of means of payment contract, the spread of the rapid internationalization are the traditional consumer contract law applicable rules on the Internet Network environment put forward new challenges. This chapter in the development and influence of network environment overview, focuses on the rules on the protection of selected (on EU cases) and neutral selection rules (for example) through in-depth analysis of specific legal provisions and the relevant judicial practice point of view, although the EU and the United States were not on the network environment to develop specialized system of legislation to regulate consumer contract law applicable, but the combination of many considerations related electronic commerce legislation and judicial practice which under the environment of network of cross-border consumer contract legal regulation into the important concern. Finally, in order to foreign legislation and practical basis for analysis on the background of the current network, consumer contract law applicable to the current situation from the traditional rules of inheritance, evolution and conflict rules innovation, link and make comprehensive analysis. The fourth chapter: Cross Construction of China law applicable rules of consumer contracts. The exit of the applicable law of cross-border consumer contracts, research and practice of the rule is to put forward the rational thinking on perfecting related legislation Chinese. In this chapter, our law of cross-border consumer contract legislation and judicial practice for specific introduction, on the basis of the foreign advanced legislation, a comprehensive concept of the current situation of our country such as the consumer contract is not clearly defined, unilateral limitation and lacks of feasibility right of choice of law, lack of substantive effect evaluation of choice of law, operators of choice of law right abuses and improper deprivation results in several aspects of directional protection of consumers' rights and interests under the guidance of mandatory rules the lack of in-depth analysis, and finally committed to building a complete system, reasonable structure, not only conform to the international community, but also fit out In the light of China's national conditions, taking into account the legitimate interests of all parties, we also emphasize the special protection of consumers and attach importance to the applicable rules of Chinese cross-border consumer contracts, which are properly and properly solved by cases.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D997;D923.8

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