论我国精神损害赔偿的适用范围

发布时间：2018-01-22 15:15

本文关键词： 精神损害赔偿适用范围民法典　出处：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：纵观我国精神损害赔偿适用范围的立法与司法实践现状,可以看出现如今我国精神损害赔偿适用范围存在着如下问题:精神损害赔偿请求权的求偿主体和适用客体方面不明确,能够引起精神损害赔偿的行为方式范围过于狭窄。这些问题共同造成了司法实践中精神损害赔偿处理的混乱、法院判决时适用法律的困难和对被害人精神利益保护的不利。造成这些问题的原因既有理论上对精神损害赔偿合理性认识的不足、对“精神损害”“非财产损害”等基础概念的区分不清,又有诸如侵权违约责任竞合、特定财物受损时精神利益如何保护等立法上条文的冲突与空白。民法上的精神损害,是可以用金钱赔偿作为救济方式的狭义的精神损害,包括受害人精神痛苦、疼痛或其他严重精神反常情况。因为精神损害具有抽象性与认定的困难性,我们在明确其适用范围时必须坚持法定原则。依据我国现有精神损害赔偿的规定,通过运用逻辑解释、比较解释、立法者的目的解释等法律解释方法,可以得出我国精神损害赔偿的求偿主体包括植物人、出生时是活体的胎儿等自然人,不包括法人与其他组织等法律上的拟制“人”,此外死者利益受侵害时可请求精神损害赔偿的主体实则为其近亲属,而非死者本人。为更好的保护被害人的精神利益,精神损害赔偿的客体范围应包括纯粹精神利益与特定财物。在违约行为与犯罪行为造成被害人精神损害的情况下,应赋予被害人请求精神损害赔偿的权利。随着我国民法典的编纂被十八届四中全会提上日程,笔者在对比分析各版民法典草案建议稿精神损害赔偿部分的基础上,对未来民法典中精神损害赔偿的条款进行了一些探索。包括在债权总则编中对精神损害赔偿做出总括性的规定,以解决侵权违约责任竞合时的精神损害赔偿适用问题;在侵权责任编中明确侵权行为侵犯人身权益(包括纯粹精神利益)或特定财产权益时均应承担精神损害赔偿责任等。
[Abstract]:The status quo of legislation and judicial practice in the scope of compensation for mental damage in our country, we can see that now our spiritual damage compensation scope exists the following problems: the main spiritual damage compensation claim and the applicable object is not clear, the scope of compensation for mental damage can cause behavior is too narrow. These problems have resulted in confusion compensation for mental damages in judicial practice, the court of law application and to protect the interests of victims of mental difficulties disadvantage. The reasons for these problems both theoretically reasonable understanding of mental damage compensation is insufficient, for "moral damage" and "non property damage" and other basic concepts of the distinction is not clear, and the like tort liability for breach of competition, conflict and blank specific property damage when the spirit of legislation on how to protect the interests of the provisions of mental injury in the civil law, Can the spirit damage narrow relief way with money as compensation, including the mental pain, pain or other serious mental abnormalities. Because the mental injury is the difficulty of abstraction and identification, we must adhere to the principle of legality in clear its scope. Based on our existing regulations of compensation for mental damage, through the use of logic interpretation, comparative interpretation, legislative interpretation of the method of objective interpretation, the law can draw the claim subject of compensation for mental damage in our country include vegetables, is living fetus and other natural born, not including the legal person and other organizations such as legal fiction of "people", in addition to the main interests infringed may request the mental damage compensation actually for their close relatives, rather than the dead. I was the victim of spiritual interests better, the scope of the object of compensation for mental damage should include pure essence God with a specific property. In the interest of breach of contract and criminal behavior caused the victim's spiritual damage, the victim should have the right to request compensation for mental damage. With the compilation of the civil code of our country by the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on the agenda, the basis of the contrastive analysis of each version of the draft civil code draft of compensation for spiritual damages on the part of the exploration of the future civil code in the mental damage compensation clauses included in the general provisions of creditor's rights. Make summary of the provisions of the mental damage compensation, in order to solve the spirit of tort liability for breach of contract when competing compensation applicable; in the tort liability in clear infringement of personal rights (including pure spiritual interests) shall bear the compensation for mental damage liability or the specific property rights.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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