铁路危险责任研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 09:29

本文关键词： 高度危险归责原则免责事由限额赔偿分配正义　出处：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济水平的快速发展,铁路出行成为了人们日常出行乘坐交通工具的最主要的方式,铁路运输的巨大承载能力,高速便捷的运输特点,使得铁路运输的作用与地位越发不可动摇。随着近几年,高速列车、城际列车和动车的出现,更加凸显铁路运输的优势。但是,本就属于高度危险作业的铁路运输行业,越发容易发生运输事故,发生人身和财产纠纷。在民法通则中,已对高度危险作业的侵权责任概念、归责原则、免责事由等做出了详尽规定,考虑到铁路运输的特殊性,国家相关部门为更明确责任分配及赔偿标准,也先后制定了不少具有特定针对性的部门法和单行法。虽然这些法律法规制定的目的都是为了妥善解决铁路运输事故导致的纠纷,但这些立法之间本身却存在不少争议与冲突,使得现实判例中对于相似案例做出的判决大相径庭,更加不利于维护受害方的合法权益和社会的和谐稳定。基于上述原因,本文以《民法通则》、《侵权责任法》、《铁路法》等法律规定为研究基础,通过研究侵权法上危险责任的立法原理,分析我国铁路危险责任的现状和制度上的不足,进一步完善铁路危险责任配套制度,为实现铁路运输人身损害赔偿分配正义提供参考,为现实案例提供有力的理论依据及法律依托。正文共分四章,主要内容如下：第一章从铁路危险责任的概念、归责原则、构成要件入手,以诸法学理论和众家学说为依托,阐述各法学派系学说的由来、发展及现状,归纳危险责任制度发展变迁及引发的启示,使危险责任的概念重新明确,厘清三大主流学说及两大法系对于危险责任原则的界定。第二章通过归纳及点评我国铁路危险责任的法律法规、司法解释和相关制度,分析现行铁路法律法规对铁路危险责任承担、归责原则等方面的规定和适用。第三章结合限额赔偿制度的现状,提出相关制度与规定本身存在的问题,从而发现并分析立法上的缺憾,这是本章探讨的目标所在。第四章主要探讨如何从立法及配套措施的角度完善我国铁路危险责任制度体系,实现铁路危险责任分配正义。笔者希望通过本文的理论探讨与研究,厘清我国铁路危险侵权责任在现实中所遭遇的各种问题,提出可行的建议与设想,以期达到为立法及判例提供有力依据的最终目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social and economic level, railway travel has become the most important way for people to travel daily by means of transportation, the huge carrying capacity of railway transportation, high-speed and convenient transport characteristics. Make the role and status of railway transport more unshakable. With the emergence of high-speed trains, inter-city trains and high-speed trains in recent years, the advantages of railway transport have become more prominent. This is a highly dangerous operation of the railway transport industry, more and more prone to transport accidents, personal and property disputes. In the General principles of Civil Law, the concept of tort liability for highly dangerous operations, imputation principle. In view of the particularity of railway transportation, the relevant departments of the state make the allocation of responsibility and compensation standard more clear. Also has formulated a number of specific departmental laws and separate laws, although these laws and regulations are designed to properly solve the railway transport accidents caused by disputes. However, there are a lot of disputes and conflicts between these legislations, which makes the judgment of similar cases very different. Because of the above reasons, this paper takes the general principles of civil law, tort liability law, railway law and other legal provisions as the research basis. Through studying the legislative principle of the dangerous liability in the tort law, this paper analyzes the present situation and the deficiency of the system of the railway dangerous responsibility in our country, and further consummates the supporting system of the railway dangerous responsibility. In order to achieve the railway transportation compensation for personal injury distribution justice to provide a reference for the actual case to provide a strong theoretical basis and legal backing. The body is divided into four chapters, the main contents are as follows: chapter one from the concept of railway dangerous liability. Starting with the principle of imputation and the constitutive elements, based on the various theories of jurisprudence and various schools of thought, this paper expounds the origin, development and present situation of the doctrines of various schools of law, and sums up the changes of the system of dangerous responsibility and its enlightenment. Make the concept of dangerous liability clear again, clarify the three major mainstream doctrine and the two major legal systems for the definition of the principle of dangerous liability. Chapter two through induction and comment on the laws and regulations of China's railway dangerous liability. Judicial interpretation and related systems, analysis of the current railway laws and regulations on the railway hazard liability, liability principles and other aspects of the provisions and application. Chapter III combined with the current situation of the quota compensation system. Put forward the relevant system and the provisions of the existing problems, so as to find and analyze the shortcomings of legislation. This is the goal of this chapter. Chapter 4th mainly discusses how to perfect the system of railway dangerous responsibility system from the angle of legislation and supporting measures. The author hopes to clarify the various problems encountered in the reality of railway dangerous tort liability in China through the theoretical discussion and research in this paper, and put forward feasible suggestions and ideas. In order to achieve the final purpose of providing a strong basis for legislation and precedents.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】