动产所有权保留的再认识与完善

发布时间：2018-02-09 04:39

本文关键词： 所有权保留法律性质担保权益公示《联合国动产担保交易示范法》　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在融资需求极为旺盛的当代社会,担保手段的丰富和担保法的革新是各国共同面对的课题。动产相较于不动产而言,其具有种类丰富、能够便宜获得、易于流通和变价的特点,故而越来越多有融资需求的当事人将目光投向动产担保领域。从某种意义上来讲,现代融资担保制度就是以动产担保为核心的。而从世界范围来看,动产担保交易的革新有两种方向,修补式的道路和一元化的道路。不论是在哪种道路上的革新,大陆法系的非典型担保手段都是一个重要的抓手,尤其是在大陆法系国家过往普遍面对着担保物权种类不足,担保立法落后于实践这种问题的情况下。相较于其他的非典型担保手段,所有权保留有其独特的制度优势——使有融资需求的当事人既不用求助于他人也不用求助于它物,可径行就标的物实现担保,这使得其成为一种使用率很高也极为重要的担保手段。因而本文将动产和所有权保留结合起来作为论题,以期对我国动产担保交易立法的革新做出一些微薄贡献。动产所有权保留制度的研究起点是将所有权保留作为一种担保手段的界定和对其法律性质的探究。虽然学界对所有权保留已经进行了相当多的研究,也有相当丰富的产出,但是在这两个问题上并没有形成通说,尤其是在所有权保留的定性问题上更是众说纷纭。本文将在理解各种学说的主张和内涵的基础上,对所有权保留定性的三种方向进行功能和机理的比较,即所有权保留确实如其字面表达一般,以所有权作为完全物权的强大权能来保障债权的实现,还是将所有权保留解释归入担保物权,抑或可以将所有权保留进行现有体系外的解释和构造,三种不同的定性方向究竟会给所有权保留的权利分配和运行效果带来何种差异。通过这种比较能够对所有权保留的法律性质形成更深刻的认识,也只有在这个基础上,才能对所有权保留的完善提出一些切实的见解。在所有权保留的完善方面,我们可以参考一些先进的立法经验,尤其是动产所有权保留的公示问题,有其一定的特殊性和复杂性,故本文将结合我国现有的动产公示制度,做出努力。本文除引言和结论两个部分以外,共分为三章。第一章为"所有权保留的界定"。这部分主要对所有权保留界定的不同学术观点进行探讨,并在此基础上形成本文的见解。对所有权保留的界定主要围绕着两个方面:适用的客体类型以及适用的交易类型。在这两方面进行把握,即可框定所有权保留制度运用的范畴。当然,对该制度的界定,还需要进一步把握制度定性。本文认为所有权保留既可以适用于动产也可以适用于不动产,但是旨在从动产担保交易立法的革新这个更高层次上把握,本文将讨论集中在了动产的所有权保留上,并以买卖交易为基础关系,以期使论题更为集中。第二章为"所有权保留的法律性质"。这部分首先梳理和抽象出了学界针对所有权保留定性的三个方向,并进行评析。通过比较,我们可以发现过往的理论学说都将所有权保留研究的重点放在标的物所有权的归属确定上,并以此为基点对当事人之间权利分配和制度运行效果展开讨论。但是通过从所有权保留交易的买方、卖方、第三人,以及当事人破产情形下的处置,这四个角度展开比较后,我们可以认识到所有权保留的制度构造的重点并不是标的物所有权的归属,而是其作为一种担保权益对债权人优先受偿权的保障,尤其是在动态交易环境中。第三章为"动产所有权保留的完善方向"。这部分将梳理我国法律对动产所有权保留的规定,展示动产所有权保留公示的不同立法例,并观察和分析《联合国动产担保交易示范法》在"购置款担保权"公示上的做法,以期建立适当的动产所有权保留公示方式,使动产所有权保留的制度构造更加完善。本文认为,对动产所有权保留应该确立登记对抗的公示方式,例外地,对消费品上的所有权保留,使其自动地获得对外效力。另外,鉴于我国已经确立了动产的浮动抵押制度,因此需要设置动产所有权保留的超级优先权,以保障其优先顺位。
[Abstract]:On the financing demand is very strong and rich in contemporary society, the guarantee law guarantee means the reform of all countries face the problem. Compared to the real estate real estate, which has rich species, can get cheap, easy to flow and change, so there are more and more financing needs of the parties will look to move property security. In a sense, the modern financing guarantee system is to Chattel Security as the core. From the view of the world, secured transactions reform has two direction, repair roads and unified road. No matter in which on the road of innovation, the atypical continental law system guarantee means is an important starting point, especially in civil law countries generally face the past types of security problems, security legislation lags behind practice this problem. Compared with other non typical. Paul means, ownership reservation has its unique advantage to the financing needs of the parties neither help nor turn to it, can be directly on the subject matter to achieve security, which makes it a very high utilization rate is also important guarantee means the real estate and. The retention of title together as the topic, in order to make some modest contribution to China's secured transactions reform legislation. The real estate ownership retention system is the starting point of the definition of ownership reservation as a guarantee means and the legal nature of the inquiry. Although scholars on the retention of title has been considerable research also, there are plenty of output, but on these two issues is not formed through said, especially in the nature of ownership reservation is even more. In this paper Public opinions are divergent. in understanding various doctrines advocate Based on the comparison and the connotation, function and mechanism of the three kinds of qualitative direction of ownership reservation, the reservation of ownership does its literal expression, with strong power of property ownership as completely to ensure the realization of creditor's rights, or will retain ownership in real right for security or explanation, can explain and construct the existing system the ownership reservation, what differences between three different qualitative direction it will give the ownership rights allocation and operation effect. Through the comparison can form a more profound understanding of the legal nature of ownership reservation, only on this basis, to propose some practical ideas to improve the retention of title. In the perfection of ownership reservation the hand, we can refer to some advanced legislative experience, especially the real estate public ownership reservation, has its certain characteristics Particularity and complexity, so this paper will be combined with our existing real estate publicity system, make efforts. Two parts in this paper except the introduction and conclusion, is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is "the definition of ownership reservation". This part mainly discusses the definition of the retention of different academic views for the formation of ownership. The insights on this basis. The definition of the ownership reservation mainly around two aspects: for the object type and transaction type is used. To grasp these two aspects, can frame the ownership reservation system using category. Of course, the definition of the system, also need to further grasp the qualitative system. This paper thinks the ownership reservation can be applied to the real estate can also be applied to real estate, but to grasp the movable property secured transactions reform legislation in the higher level, this paper will discuss on all rights reserved. On the basis, and to trade relations, in order to make the theory more concentrated. The second chapter is "the legal nature of ownership reservation. This part first summarizes and abstracts the academic circles for the three direction qualitative of ownership reservation, and evaluation. Through the comparison, we can find that the theory of the past will the ownership reservation focus identified in the subject matter of the ownership, and on the basis of discussion between the parties rights allocation and operation of the system. But by keeping the trading effect from the ownership of the buyer, the seller, third people, as well as the bankruptcy case disposal, the four aspects of comparison, we can realize that the system structure of ownership reservation is not the focus of the subject matter of the ownership, but as a kind of guarantee the rights and interests of creditors of the priority of protection, especially in dynamic Easy environment. The third chapter is "the real estate ownership'sretention perfect direction". This part will sort out the law of our country real estate provisions of title retention, display real estate ownership'sretention publicity of the different legislation, and to observe and analyze the "UN Model Law on secured transactions" in the "purchase money security right" the public practice, in order to establish the appropriate real estate ownership'sretention of publicity, the real estate ownership retention system structure more perfect. This paper argues that the real estate ownership reservation should establish registration against the public way, exception, retain ownership of consumer goods, which automatically obtain external validity. In addition, in view of the fact that China has established the chattel floating mortgage system, therefore need to set the real estate ownership'sretention super priority, in order to protect the priority.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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