失独群体权益保障问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 11:10

本文关键词： 独生子女家庭 “失独”群体权益保障　出处：《南京财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1980年9月25日,中共中央发表了《关于控制人口增长问题致全体共产党员、共青团员的公开信》,信中提倡每对夫妻只生育一个孩子。此后,“计划生育政策”开始在全国范围内推行起来。三十多年来,数以亿计的独生子女家庭在中国渐渐产生,尤其是在城市地区“只生一个孩子”已经成为一种习惯与主流,即使是在不太富裕的农村地区,独生子女的数量也在渐渐增长。如今,这些积极响应国家号召的父母已年逾半百,第一代独生子女也日渐到了而立之年,有了自己的家庭与生活,但是与此同时,一个特殊的群体也开始被社会给予关注,那就是独生子女死亡的家庭,学界也称之为“失独家庭”。据国内媒体和人口专家测算,当前我国的“失独”家庭数量已过百万,同时还在以每年近八万个的速度在增长。①在中国传统家庭多子多福的观念中,仅有的一个孩子的死亡无疑对家庭的打击是毁灭性的。但是目前学术领域对“失独”群体给予的关注还是微乎甚微,尤其在法学领域对“失独”群体权益保障问题的研究还比较空白,所以本文在一部分引述中也引用了相关社会学的论述,以期能够更好的对这个问题给予诠释。文章第一部分主要阐述了对“失独”群体的定义,通过一些“失独”者内心的声音来了解他们的生活状态和内心世界,了解独生子女对他们而言的重要意义。继而剖析了“失独”群体产生的缘由,论述了国家政策实施与“失独”群体日益增多的客观联系,在此基础上提出“失独群体权益保障问题研究”的命题。第二部分首先根据国家卫生计生委公布的相关数据以及社科院的相关研究,得以了解我国生育率的总体水平,从而估算出目前我国“失独”人口的大概数量。紧接着就去考虑这种情况下“失独”群体面临的经济、养老、子女收养、精神状况等各个方面的问题,由此类推分析了我国保障“失独”群体权益的必要性跟紧迫性。第三个部分是关于文章的理论支持,也就是“失独”群体权益保障的理论基础。在这个部分既涵盖了一些社会学相关的理论,如“社会支持”理论和“福利多元化”理论,也重点突出了“权利义务相一致”的法律原则和“权责统一”的政府责任这两个法学相关的重要理论,以此来论述“失独群体权益保障问题研究”这个命题的正当性。第四部分分析我国在保障“失独”群体权益时的现状与缺陷。重点指出我国现行法律在这个领域中的空白以及社会保障体系的不完善,同时也指出了在精神关怀方面还可以有很多尝试和可以改变的空间,以期可以在第五部分得到解决问题的措施方案。第五部分是文章解决问题的重要部分,主要是根据上述的现状和问题提出对于建立“失独”群体权益保障体系的一些可行的建议。在这部分中会有一些可操作性强的创新的建议,希望不断完善与本命题相关的各领域的法律法规,更好的提倡人文关怀,将这些美好的设想落实到政策和行动之中,帮助“失独”群体慢慢走出那片阴霾,努力找寻到生活的信心和乐趣。最后结语部分是对这篇文章的总结和对未来的翘首。
[Abstract]:In September 25, 1980, the CPC Central Committee issued "on the increase of population control to all members of the Communist Party, the Youth League of the open letter", advocate every couple one child in the letter. "Since then, the family planning policy was launched in the country. Over the past thirty years, hundreds of millions of one-child families have gradually in Chinese especially in the city area," one child "has become a habit with the mainstream, even in less affluent rural areas, the number of only child is gradually increasing. Now, the positive response to the national call parents over the age of fifty, the first generation of only children is to have thirty years of age. The family and their own life, but at the same time, a special group has been a social concern, that is the dead child family, academia also known as the" lost family alone ". according to the domestic media and population expert estimates, China's current" Shidu "family number millions, while still at an annual growth rate of nearly eighty thousand. In the traditional family China multi Fu concept, with a child's death is no doubt the family was devastating. But at present the academic field of lost independence groups given attention or very little, especially in the field of law research on the security problems of lost interest groups is still relatively blank, so this part of the quote also quotes the relevant sociological treatise, in order to better the given interpretation. The first part mainly expounds the definition of" lost "groups, to understand their living conditions and the inner world through some of the lost their inner voice, to understand the significance of the only child for them. And then analyzes the reasons why lost independence groups, and discusses the lost contact group objective increasing the implementation of the national policy, on the basis of the lost independence groups to protect the interests of the proposition. The second part according to the correlation of the National Health Planning Commission released the relevant data and the Academy of Social Sciences and to understand the overall level of China's fertility rate, and to estimate the current lost population probably number. Then go to consider this case lost independence groups face economic, pension, child adoption, mental status and other aspects of the problem, which on the analysis of China's security the necessity of "lost the interests of groups with urgency. The third part is about the theoretical support, that is" lost their rights and interests. The theory in this section covers not only some social Study of relevant theories, such as "social support" and "the theory of welfare pluralism theory, also highlights the important theory of" the two law related government responsibility legal principles consistent with the rights and obligations and responsibilities of unity ", in order to discuss the legitimacy of the lost independence groups rights protection of the proposition. The fourth part analyzes the status quo and defects in the protection of the lost interest groups in China. Key points out that China's current legal gaps in this field and the social security system is not perfect, but also pointed out that in the spiritual care aspect also can have a lot of try and can change the space, in order to you can get the measures plan to solve the problems in the fifth part. The fifth part is an important part of the article is mainly to solve the problem, according to the current situation and problems of the above proposed for the establishment of" Shidu "rights protection group Some feasible suggestions avoidance system. In this part, there will be some operational innovation and strong suggestions, hopes to improve the laws and regulations in various fields related to this proposition, to better promote the humanistic concern, these good ideas to implement policy and action, to help the lost out group the clouds slowly, trying to find the confidence of life and fun. The last part is the summary of the article and the future eagerly.

【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

【共引文献】