论浮动抵押优先权

发布时间：2018-02-15 04:34

本文关键词： 浮动抵押受偿顺位消极担保条款固定抵押价金购买优先权　出处：《华东政法大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国社会经济生活中,广大中小企业面对的很大的一个问题便是“融资难”问题,银行在贷款时对于实力前、信誉好的大企业贷款时,往往对其能开比较大的敞口,但对于更需要资金的中小企业往往要求提供足额的担保。但中小企业都需要生产经营,若将所有的动产都设定担保,将极大地限制企业的灵活性。一百多年前,浮动抵押制度在英国创立,该制度相比于传统的固定抵押,同时平衡了债权人利益的保护以及抵押物价值利用的最大化,已经成为各国比较流行的一种融资方式。我国《物权法》明确规定了动产浮动抵押制度,但条文较为简单,在具体的实践中存在比较大的不确定性。笔者在本文中,选取浮动抵押的优先权作为研究课题。对于债权人而言,浮动抵押最后在固定化之后,其受偿顺位如何,权利会获得多大程度上的保障,才是其最关心的问题。甚至,这些问题会直接影响到债权人在贷款时的意愿。而我国目前就浮动抵押制度而言,还没有一个成体系的,可操作的浮动抵押受偿顺位制度,这就导致在浮动抵押制度在实际运行的过程中存在很大的不确定性。本文结构为五部分组成。第一部分为浮动抵押制度的概述,主要简要介绍浮动抵押制度的起源,特征以及我国浮动抵押制度。第二部分笔者所要论述的是浮动抵押权实践中与其他正常经营活动中的权利人之间的优先顺位关系,主要包括了买受人,以及其他担保权人。介绍买受人不受追及制度以及该制度的可完善之处;详细论述浮动抵押制度与固定抵押权、质押权、留置权之间的受偿顺位关系。第三部分,笔者将介绍消极担保条款对浮动抵押优先权的影响。分析了有消极担保条款的浮动抵押权的受偿顺位与后设定的固定担保之间的关系,并介绍两种判定标准,还将介绍对消极担保条款的限制性规定。第四部分笔者将着介绍述美国统一商法典中规定的购买价金优先权制度,并试图讨论浮动抵押优先权与购买价金优先权时间的受偿顺位。最后在第五部分,笔者将对我国浮动抵押优先权制度设计提出自己的建议,我国应在将来的立法或者司法解释中明确浮动抵押与其他相关权利在发生冲突时的受偿顺位。
[Abstract]:In China's social and economic life, the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises are faced with the problem of "difficult financing". When banks make loans to large enterprises with good reputation before their strength, they are often able to open relatively large exposures to them. But for small and medium-sized enterprises that need more capital, they often require full guarantees. But small and medium-sized enterprises need production and management. If all movable assets are guaranteed, the flexibility of enterprises will be greatly limited. More than 100 years ago, The floating charge system was established in Britain. Compared with the traditional fixed mortgage, it balances the protection of creditors' interests and the maximization of the use of collateral value. It has become a popular financing method in many countries. Our country's Real right Law clearly stipulates the floating mortgage system of movable property, but the provisions are relatively simple, and there is a great deal of uncertainty in the concrete practice. Select the priority of floating charge as the research topic. For the creditor, what is the order of compensation and the degree of protection of the right after the floating charge is immobilized is the most concerned question. These problems will have a direct impact on the willingness of creditors to lend money. But in our country, there is still no systematic, operable floating mortgage compensation system in terms of the floating mortgage system. This leads to great uncertainty in the actual operation of floating charge system. The structure of this paper is composed of five parts. The first part is an overview of floating charge system, which mainly introduces the origin of floating charge system. The second part is about the priority relation between floating mortgage practice and other right holders in normal business activities, which mainly includes the buyer. And other security rights holders. It introduces the buyer's non-pursuit and the system and its consummation, and discusses in detail the relationship between the floating mortgage system and the fixed mortgage, pledge and lien. Part three, the relationship between the floating charge system and the fixed mortgage, the pledge and the lien. The author will introduce the influence of the negative security clause on the floating mortgage priority, analyze the relationship between the compensation order of the floating mortgage with negative security clause and the fixed security created after, and introduce two kinds of judgment criteria. I will also introduce the restrictive provisions on negative security clauses. Part 4th, the author will introduce the purchase Price priority system stipulated in the uniform Commercial Code of the United States. Finally, in the 5th part, the author will put forward some suggestions on the design of floating mortgage priority system in China. In the future legislation or judicial interpretation, our country should make clear the order of compensation between floating charge and other related rights in the event of conflict.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.2

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