论监护人对未成年人权益的侵害

发布时间：2018-02-15 15:25

本文关键词： 监护人未成年人侵权行为救济　出处：《天津师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年,无论是从电视上、网络上、还是报纸中,我们经常可以看到这样一些案件：未成年人的父母暴打该未成年人致死、父亲性侵未成年女儿、父母疏忽将未成年子女留在车中致死、父母将未成年子女单独留在家中坠落阳台致残或者致死等。监护人对未成年人权益侵害的案件不胜枚举,然而这些频繁发生的恶劣案件,似乎还没有引起社会的重视。未成年人的保护是一个社会性问题。未成年人是祖国的花朵,是祖国的希望,侵害未成年人权益的行为应及时从法律上予以规范。我们应首先明确监护人侵害未成年人权益的法律内涵,找到与其他侵权行为的不同之处,进而分析监护人侵害未成年人权益产生的原因,然后将其纳入《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》体系,提出监护人侵害未成年人权益的救济方式,最后针对未成年人权益被侵害的这一问题,完善我国未成年人的监护制度。本文一共分为四个部分,第一部分：介绍监护人侵害未成年人权益的法律内涵,从法律上界定监护人侵害未成年人权益的行为(监护侵害行为)是指负有监护职责的监护人在监护未成年人的过程中,由于监护行为方式不当,从而侵害了未成年人的权益,造成了其人身、财产、精神等损害。然后分析了监护侵害行为较与其他侵权行为的特殊之处。第二部分：介绍了目前我国监护人侵害未成年人权益的现状,然后从双方主体原因和主体之外的传统家庭文化因素、经济基础因素以及法律制度不足因素分析了监护侵害行为产生的原因。第二部分：将监护侵害行为纳入《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》范围内予以救济。首先分析了监护侵害行为的构成要件,其次从《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》的救济条款提出了救济方式,对于生命健康权的损害应进行人身损害赔偿：对于财产损害能返还财产的返还财产,不能返还财产的适用财产损害赔偿；对于精神损害,针对主体的特殊性,除了较为严重的情形适用精神损害赔偿以外,应尽量采取赔礼道歉,消除影响、恢复名誉的非金钱方式予以救济。第四部分：针对当前出现的监护侵害行为,提出了关于完善我国未成年人监护的建议。首先应完善监护监督制度和撤销监护人资格制度,从制度上予以保障未成年人的权益,其次从立法和相关法律法规的改善来保障未成年人的权益,最后提出了应加强有关未成年人监护的社会教育和指导。
[Abstract]:In recent years, whether on television, on the Internet or in newspapers, we have often seen cases in which the minor's parents beat the minor to death, and the father sexually assaulted his minor daughter. Parents negligently left their minor children in the car to die, parents left their minor children alone in their homes, falling to the balcony, maiming or killing. There are numerous cases of guardians violating the rights and interests of minors. However, these frequent bad cases occur frequently. The protection of minors is a social problem. Minors are the flowers of the motherland and the hope of the motherland. Violations of the rights and interests of minors should be regulated in a timely manner. We should first of all clarify the legal connotation of the guardian's infringement of the rights and interests of minors, and find out the differences between them and other infringing acts. Then it analyzes the causes of the guardian's infringement on the rights and interests of minors, and then brings it into the system of the Tort liability Law of the people's Republic of China, and puts forward the remedy for the guardian to infringe upon the rights and interests of minors. Finally, aiming at the problem that the rights and interests of minors have been infringed, this article is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the legal connotation of guardian infringing upon the rights and interests of minors. According to the law, the act of guardian infringing upon the rights and interests of minors (guardianship infringement) means that the guardian who has the duty of guardianship infringes upon the rights and interests of minors because of improper guardianship behavior in the process of guardianship. The second part introduces the current situation that guardian infringes the rights and interests of minors in our country. Then, from the reasons of both parties and the traditional family culture factors outside the main body, The causes of guardianship infringement are analyzed by the factors of economic base and insufficient legal system. The second part is to bring guardianship infringement into the scope of the tort liability law of the people's Republic of China to remedy it. This paper analyzes the constitutive elements of the act of guardianship infringement, Secondly, from the relief clause of the Tort liability Law of the people's Republic of China, the author puts forward the relief method, which should be compensated for the damage of life and health. Compensation for damage to applicable property that cannot be returned to property; for mental damage, in view of the particularity of the subject, apart from applying compensation for moral damage in more serious circumstances, an apology shall be taken as far as possible to eliminate the influence, Part 4th: in view of the current behavior of guardianship infringement, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the guardianship of minors in China. First of all, we should perfect the guardianship supervision system and cancel the guardianship qualification system. From the system to protect the rights and interests of minors, followed by legislation and related laws and regulations to improve the protection of minors' rights and interests, and finally put forward that we should strengthen the social education and guidance on the custody of minors.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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